@article{ author = {Shojaee, Parisa and Maleki, Mohamadrez}, title = {Hospitals Preparedness in Iran University of Medical Sciences in Disasters in Terms of Communications}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: The first principle in crisis planning is communication and information to people and organizations. Some factors influence on crisis findings ineffectiveness as communication systems deficiency at remedial centers by disasters; shortage of communication systems and equipments which may lead to uncoordinated function in organizations. This research aims to study preparedness in view of communication in the mentioned educational hospitals during disasters. METHODS: In this descriptive study, the educational hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences were surveyed. A checklist (about 6 questions) was recorded and completed using of observation and interview different people (as hospital manager, metron and etc). For data analyzing it is used of some factors as frequencies, ratios and percentage. FINDINGS:According to the findings, the hospital of HashemiNejad and Firouzgar had the highest and lowest mean score about 63/2 and 36/6 respectively in planning of communication. CONCLUSION:In order to support vital services and equipments in disasters, all hospitals should equip with the possible communication methods. The results indicate that the mentioned hospitals don’t enjoy all methods and are ineffective in disaster responding.}, Keywords = {hospital planning, communication in disaster, hospital communication}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-25-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Saghafinia, Masoud and Nafissii, Nahi}, title = {Decreasing Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance Loss after Training of Ilam People & Care Team}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: Mine Victims Rescue Centre establishes some training courses in order to meet landmine victims; to reinforce villagers' awareness and to decrease landmines and unexploded ordnance loss in 1999-2001. The present research aims to study the courses' effect in mine decreasing. METHODS: Regarding to severe mine pollution, this study is done in Mehran city and five villages around it. At the end, casualties' information is gathered at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam. FINDINGS: About 641 persons were injured by mine and bullet (27% and 15% respectively) in Mehran city in 2002-2004. Except 2.5%, the rest were remedied in Ilam completely (About 97%). About 17.5% needed to blood injection. CONCLUSION: The statistics show that the mortality rate decreased to 5% in 2001 which was 36/4% in 90s by training courses. However, it increased to 27% after rushing of United States to Iraq and also onslaught of pilgrims in Mehran border in 2001-2005. Regarding to the results, the mortality will reduce by training of villagers, relief workers, and health personnel.}, Keywords = {mine, unexploded ordnance (UXO), Advance Life Support (ALS), Basic Life Support (BLS), loss}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {RamezaniNejad, Roya and Alaedin, Pooy}, title = {The Effective Factors of Red Crescent Society Volunteers}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: Community participation can be increased by identifying the effective factors of volunteers' participation of Red Crescent Society. This paper aims to understand the effective factors influencing volunteers' participation in Red Crescent Society. METHODS: In this qualitative study, active and inactive (general) volunteers and also heads of voluntary affairs of Iran Red Crescent Society were questioned using concentrated group discussion and semi-open qualitative questionnaires. FINDINGS: Participation is the main goal of active volunteers; they believe in-group discussions to overcome powerlessness in Red Crescent Society. On the contrary, the inactive volunteers consider participation as an instrumental approach to suggest transparency for trust increasing. In view of the active ones, participation is a task to response their own inner needs, but the other ones attribute it to the organizational management deficiency. Volunteers’ organization authorities assume it is necessary to organize the need of participation in society continuously and fundamentally. CONCLUSION: It should be a bilateral function regarding to various viewpoints of voluntary participation. In one hand, it is the method of volunteers training and awareness to present in-group meetings and make a decision and in the other hand, it is the way to be responsible for their duties. It should say that participation is both as the ultimate goal and target in Red Crescent Society.}, Keywords = {public interest, voluntary activities, Red Crescent Society}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Najafi, Mehdi and SepasiMoghadam, Hossein and Pourmohammad, Anahit}, title = {The level of people\'s interest in participating voluntarily in some different activities of the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: There should be a strategic policymaking and organizing in order to use of voluntary services. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to volunteers' interests regarding to their pivot role. This paper aims to study Iranian peoples' interests in various voluntary activities of Red Crescent Society. METHODS: The present study was done in some big cities as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Tabriz in 2006. Base on municipality division, the questionnaires were distributed randomly using of cluster sampling. FINDINGS: Over 22/91% of responders were highly satisfied with participating in training courses; 19/11% in rescue and relief operation teams; 44/91% in health fields; 26/88% in friendship and peace fostering; 34/62% in environmental plans; 29/86% in sympathy programs and also 16% in informing public. CONCLUSION: This study showed that participation in health activities and informing public had the highest and lowest levels respectively in five big cities. People were interested highly in the environmental plans but they were not interested in operation teams' participation.}, Keywords = {public interest, voluntary activities, Red Crescent Society}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Mojtaba and KavehFirouz, Zeynab}, title = {The View of First Responders & People of Qazvin villages Affected by Earthquake (Abdareh & Changureh)}, abstract ={Introduction:It is necessary to plan and study various results of disaster mitigation regarding to Iran vulnerability and also to use of the experiences of affected people and first responders in disasters. This research aims to study first responders and affected people's viewpoints after earthquake of Qazvin two villages (Abdareh & Changureh). Methods: In this qualitative research, 12 affected ones and 15 first responders (native & nonnative) viewpoints of earthquake were surveyed in 2002 by using of a checklist. Findings: According to this study, the affected ones satisfied with first responders' performance but complained about health problems and equipments shortage. Some issue dissatisfied the first responders such as tiredness, road arduousness and distance, lack of suitable transportation, relief facilities, and an integrated management. Despite some deficiency such as lack of a coordinated center and health problems the first responders did their best. Conclusion:Bothaffected people and first responders had some problems as health problems, equipment shortage and also lack of an integrated equipment and communication after disaster.}, Keywords = {view of affected people, first responders view, earthquake in villages around of Qazvin}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Abjam, Zahra and IbrahimBabaee, Shahin and Fallah, Fahimeh and Oveisi, Nader}, title = {Assessing Mehr-e-Moharram Public Education Plan of Red Crescent Society in 2007}, abstract ={Introduction: An emergency plan was done by public education group work of Red Crescent Society cooperating with Disaster Management Organization with the aim of familiarizing in villagers' effective activities and promoting their awareness before, during and after disasters. This study aims to evaluate the plan function of all Red Crescent Society branches in the country. Methods: Red Crescent Society and public education group work considered over 10,000 of villages in plan of Mehre Moharram by using the published book of Red Crescent Society as Disasters: Prevention, Response and First Aid. Findings: According to the results, over 773,222 brochures were distributed in 5284 villages in cooperation with 5,295 mosques. Also, 143,112 women and 157,484 men were trained (about 50,528 hours) by trainers (2,964 female and 3671 male); 2,264 had academic grades (bachelor, MA and etc). Base on pretest and posttest, the villagers' awareness increased after plan performing. The analyzed data shows that the average score of awareness was 17/23±8/8 and 30/58±5/4 in pretest and posttest which is increased in posttest meaningfully (p<0.05). Conclusion: Despite performance difficulties, the present plan could get effective achievements. Undoubtedly, public education is the most effective strategy to face unexpected disasters. It should be used of people learning tendency in relief skills as an opportunity by disasters plan makers and mangers.}, Keywords = {Assessment, Public education, Red Crescent Society}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-589-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-589-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {GhahroudiTali, Manijeh}, title = {WEB GIS in Natural Disasters Integrated Management}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: There are over 40 natural disasters and subgroups in the world that thirty one have occurred in Iran according to the studies and evaluations. For this, decreasing and preventing risks, it is necessary to have an integrated management of natural disasters since there are no safe places anywhere completely. GIS can be used in natural disasters integrated management dynamically. Organizing correct data is the first role of GIS in Disaster Management. Not only GIS commences with a sustainable structure for data with different nature, scale, format and subject but also follows by database protection, modernization, dissemination and development. In fact, GIS constructs and develops natural disasters integrated management. Recently WebGIS makes it possible to share the geographical information by designing Metadata and develop natural disasters integrated management. The map scale is 1:250000 and data bank is in Arc GIS; Metadata is designed in the standard pattern of ISO and FDGC in web. Regarding to the results, it is necessary to have a special standard for designing the relief management Metadata. In one hand, it should be coordinated with national geographical databank and in the other hand it should be formed base on understanding disaster principles. Here it is presented a disaster geographical information standardization pattern for integrated management of natural disasters.}, Keywords = {Metadata, Natural Disaster, GIS, WebGIS}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-590-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-590-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Anvari, Siyam}, title = {Depression and its relation with demographic indicators in Bam high school students}, abstract ={Introduction: Regarding to the plenty natural disasters, there are few studies about depression prevalence after disaster in Iran as there are some contradictory reports and various studies in different countries. This paper aims to determine the relation of depression prevalence and demographic indicators in high school students in Bam in 2003. Methods:In this cross-sectional research, about427 students of Bam were surveyed by using Beck questionnaire (with personal qualifications) and SPSS-11. Findings:More than 60 percent of students were female; the responders were 14 to18 years old and 74.2 percent had different level of depression. The research shows that there was a meaningful relation between depression, gender, losing or physical disability of one of the family members in the earthquake and life satisfaction (p<0.05). In other hand, there was not any meaningful relation between depression rate, age and their residential building collapse during an earthquake. Conclusion:At the end, it is necessary to have a comprehensive planning about mental health regarding to high depression in high school in Bam after natural and man-made disasters.}, Keywords = {depression, Bam earthquake, students, mood disorders}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-30-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Safabakhsh, Mohse}, title = {The effective factors to persuade the youth in Red Crescent Society membership (Case study: Tehran)}, abstract ={Introduction: The relief NGOs should get some new ways to change contribution into a cultural norm. This research aims to study the effective factors of absorbing the school and university students, and the young people to be a member of Youth Organization of Red Crescent Society. Methods: In this research, about 381 members of Youth Organization were selected in Tehran in different branches such as high school students (220); university students (88) and the Youth branch members (73). The needed data are gathered by using available and secondary information, direct observation, semi interview and questionnaires. Findings: According to this research, there was a meaningful relation between relief activities contribution and other factors such as: age, gender, family socio-economic bases, absorbing pattern diversity, , membership satisfaction, assuring of contribution awards and results, member inefficiency feeling, awareness and information about preparedness and safety culture, vulnerability of country in disasters, improvement awareness about organization goals and suitable informing about contribution. Conclusion: Relief activities contribution is related to various factors especially in youth branch. The authorities should pay attention and have precise planning to maintain the members.}, Keywords = {relief organizations, contribution, absorb, organizing}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Saghafinia, Masoud and Danial, Zahra and Haerian, Ali Asghar and Ghomian, Zohreh}, title = {Study the effect of Natural Disasters Educational Pamphlets to Improve the Public Awareness}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: For better and effective communication with audiences, it is necessary to plan and design appropriate educational programs to response disasters. Regarding to educational brochures distribution of Red Crescent society, this research aims to study the success of educational facilities to response natural disasters effects on increasing public awareness. METHODS: In this cross sectional research, 1640 ones were selected by using cluster sampling in Tehran. First, the responders were given some educational brochures and then they were asked to complete the questionnaire after 2 weeks. FINDINGS: People awareness was before studying the brochures which has been changed after studying. The correct answer rate was as follow: earthquake 0/56; fire; heavy frost 0/46; thunderstorm and lightning; and volcano 0/73. The people awareness was changed after studying the brochures (p>0/05). CONCLUSION: Public awareness has been improved in all fields after studying the educational brochures. So the highest rank was related to volcano brochures and the lowest was about fire.}, Keywords = {educational brochures, disasters, public education}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-32-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Najafi, Mehdi and SepasiMoghaddam, Hossein and Pourmohammad, Anahit}, title = {Feasibility Study of Districts Relief Centers in Big Cities}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: For activities betterment it is necessary to have a suitable and essential planning. The activities can be better performed base on circumstances if there is an appropriate attitude evaluation of the related people directly. This research is designed to study the feasibility of relief centers in big cities. METHODS: This cross sectional research was done in big cities as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Tabriz in 2006. Using Gant method and municipality divisions, the questionnaires (600) were distributed randomly in each city aiming the feasibility study of districts relief centers. FINDINGS: According to the findings, over 65/76 percent of responders were highly satisfied with organizing the districts relief centers in big cities. About 81 percent of responders were gratified with districts relief centers teams on the average. CONCLUSION: The results show that people in big cities are highly interested in both organizing the relief centers and being active in the districts relief teams. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the districts relief centers regarding to Iran vulnerability and people's interest in relief activities.}, Keywords = {people, contribution, relief centers, district}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Shahrani, Farzad and Mortazavi, Ahmad and Asadian, Gholamreza and JafarNejad, Farzan and Abjam, Zahr}, title = {The view of Chahrmahal & Bakhtiari Red Crescent Society Personnel about short-term training courses in 2008}, abstract ={Introduction: Developing the training methods is suitable both for increasing staff awareness and relief organization productivity. So, the training contents should be based on personnel needs and organization goals. This research aims to study the view of Chahrmahal & Bakhtiari Red Crescent Society Personnel about short-term training courses in 2008. Methods:The needed data are collected and analyzed by using questionnaires and descriptive statistic data. Findings:About training courses, 50% of employees were satisfied, 35% believed it on the average and 15% evaluated the courses weak. About relief and first aids training 98% of personnel highly care of it and 2% evaluated it on the average. About performing the courses, 63% of employees suggested it by the research and education department as a separate deputy department, 28% proposed its activities under the relief deputy and 9% thought it should be done by other departments. Conclusion:The results show that the mentioned courses were partly satisfied employees but it is necessary to improve the courses by giving better and effective strategies regarding to other staff point of views.}, Keywords = {short term training, Red Crescent society, rescue and relief training}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-34-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Rahnavard, Farajollah and SadeghiNikpei, Nahid and Alamdari, Shahram}, title = {Identify effective factors to attract public volunteer groups for giving voluntarily services in Red Crescent society}, abstract ={Introduction: It  is  necessary  to  make  suitable  decisions  because  attracting  and  maintaining  skillful  and effective volunteer man power are the basic mission of Volunteers' Organization of Red Crescent society.  Thus,  this  research  aims  to  identify  the  effective  factors  to  attract  public  volunteer groups for giving voluntarily services in Red Crescent society of Tehran Methods: About 1800 member of volunteer groups, who were more than 29 years old, were chosen. Regarding to population incompatibility, it is selected about 317 ones by using of classification sampling and Morgan table. After data collecting it is used of questionnaires analysis base on research nature and goals. Findings: In attract section from whole variance, every factor was defined as first 24/590, second 16/667, third 16/285 and forth factor 10/131. In maintaining section, first factor was 19/975, second factor 14/888, third factor 13/546, forth 12/305 and fifth one 11/095. Conclusion:  were four factors including encouragement tools, technical communication and publicity tools, informing tools and human relationship. The variables of maintaining section were five factors such as organizational culture, human resources management, contribution and team working, leadership and management tasks and stimulation.}, Keywords = {volunteers, Red Crescent society, interest, maintaining}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-36-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-37-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Aghili, Seyed Mahmoud and Oveisi, Nader and Khoshfar, Gholamrez}, title = {Study the role of Red Crescent Society in AIDS prevention & control}, abstract ={Introduction: AIDS disease is changing into an acute health and social problem. This paper aims to study the role of Red Crescent Society to control and prevent AIDS and HIV infection. Methods: In this descriptive research by using of questionnaires, the population (about 222) was selected among the educational, supporting, and counseling centers of Red Crescent Society and its related deliberative centers in 4 provinces such as Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Golestan, and Hamedan. Findings: Base on responders' evaluation, the role of Red Crescent Society is prominent in AIDS and HIV infection control and prevention (3/157 from 5). Conclusion: To improve Red Crescent society place and its role, there should be a multidimensional view to AIDS and HIV infection control and prevention. Because of this, Red Crescent society should have a systematic view and care about different supporting role to help patients to get compatibility with his or her disease, to get rid of isolation and also to have positive tendency toward the related organizations' functions.}, Keywords = {AIDS, Red Crescent, control, prevention, counseling center, education and informing, consulting, support}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-591-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-591-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {yeganeh, SH}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-592-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-592-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Saeid and Afshngi, Mohse}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-593-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-593-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {BaratiSedeh, Fari}, title = {Study of the relief burnout in some active relief workers comparing with inactive ones in Bam earthquake}, abstract ={Inroduction: Relief workers may encounter some mental symptoms in crisis situations such as fatigue, diminishing compatibility and job ability seriously and also job burnout. The present paper aims to study job burnout in a group of relief workers who give relief services in Bam. Methods: In this cross sectional research, by using questionnaires it is studied the type of symptoms in a group of active relief workers comparing with active ones in relief operations in Bam earthquake in 2004. Findings: According to the research, there was a meaningful relation between active relief workers and their attendance duration (%05); their average score was about 16.23 and the control group was 10.2. Also, T test was 3.78 which show the gravity of the situation in active relief workers in %001 level in Bam. Conclusion: Working and giving services in crisis cause a lot of stress and mental tension in relief workers. Thus, in order to support and to reduce and prevent the psychiatric symptoms it is necessary to do some mental supportive services for relief workers.}, Keywords = {relief burnout, Bam earthquake, mental support}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Gharakhlou, Mehdi and Givehchi, Saee}, title = {Analysis Concentration Population Pattern for Mitigation Vulnerability of Urban Disasters}, abstract ={Introduction: Prevention, Mitigation and preparedness are the most important dimensions of pre disaster management cycle. Series of operation do in prevention and mitigation phase for decreasing natural disaster effects. More than 75% of natural Disaster has occurred in Iran therefore it is necessary to study about pre disaster operation and mechanism in disaster management cycle. Methods: The object of this manuscript is identification decrease presence pattern of human in zone 6 of Tehran for Prevention and mitigation environmental hazards. Because of the characteristic of this zone the presence of human compact in specific hours; therefore it is necessary to study this fact. The methods of this research has based on multiple attribute decision making technique. By using the dual comparison human pretense alternative was studied. Findings: A4 with 0.27 is the best alternative and the second alternative is A5 with 0.23 score. Conclusion: Therefore recommends that mechanism for decreasing of human presence for the description of this alternative for prevention and mitigation disasters from natural hazards is considered by planners.  }, Keywords = {Disaster Management, City, Population, Pattern, Tehran, Dual Comparison}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-39-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Hadavandi, Mohammad Reza and Hadavandi, Fatemeh}, title = {Educational Needs Assessment of Youth Affairs Deputies in Red Crescent Society}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: Identification and prioritizing of educational needs, which is important for all educational programs, is the first step in educational planning. It is necessary to increase education and training as far as the youth affairs deputies have lack of abilities, knowledge and skillful at planning and youth contribution in the field of relief activities. This paper aims to study and determine the educational needs of youth affairs deputies in Red Crescent Society. METHODS: In this descriptive and functional research, all youth affairs deputies were surveyed in 2007. It is used of total counting because of the samples limitation. Also it is used of questionnaire; the descriptive statistics' indicators were percentage and frequency. FINDINGS: The more needed courses for youth affairs deputies are such as  of youth and adolescent (10%), the least are as: manpower ability improvement (1%), strategic management (1%), time management (1 %), educational workshop relating to NGO (1%) and camps management (1%). CONCLUSION: The required training courses are: adolescent and youth psychology, guardianship management, operational planning, cultural affairs management, organizational behavior, accident and incident management, collaborative management, financial budgeting, human resources management and planning. , report writing, group management, adolescent and youth issues, youth sociology, crisis management.}, Keywords = {educational needs assessment, youth affairs deputies, executive managers, Red Crescent Society}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Zakariaee, Leila and SepasiMoghaddam, Hossein and Najafi, Mahdi and Farahizad, Sousan and KavehFirouz, Zeinab}, title = {Evaluate the view of students of 10th overall maneuver of earthquake and safety in the schools}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: Maneuver is the most useful strategy to decrease the toll and mortality in a disaster and also to raise the people's awareness in the society. Performing maneuver in schools is so important hence, we have a young population in the country. Red Crescent society, maneuver founder, aims to evaluate participants' views and suggestions with the purpose of better planning and performing in future. METHODS: In this research, there were selected about 1500 ones by using of both non-probability sampling and questionnaire of data collection. FINDINGS: According to the findings, about 60% of students were satisfied with the function of relief workers of Red Crescent and Fire Department; about 50% were fully satisfied with the provided programs; about 50% of participants declared that they never used of the relief trainings in previous maneuvers. CONCLUSION: The students were satisfied with the maneuver players function and programs. However, in order to better implementation there should be more emphasis on functional programs and safety training points.}, Keywords = {maneuver evaluation, earthquake maneuver, earthquake maneuver in schools, training by maneuver}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mozafar, Mahmoud and MajdFarimani, Mojtaba and Dehestani, Hossei}, title = {Passengers\' attitude towards the national plan for Nowrouz Travelers guidance of the Red Crescent Youth Organization in April 2009}, abstract ={Introduction: Guiding the travelers in Nowruz is one of the important activities which are done by Youth Organization of Red Crescent society. This plan follows some goals as, to help travelers to have a safe trip (by making relief and safety recommendations); to provide tranquility for them (by giving precise information about roads); to develop the culture of humanism and kindness among young people (by increasing youth contribution in charities); and also to improve various leisure facilities in Nowruz. The present paper aims to study the mentioned plan, its weak and strength points and how people know about it. Methods: By using of questionnaires in this survey research, there were selected and completed about 3500 samples in 30 provinces. Findings: According to the findings, about 76% of responders had a positive view about the necessity of education. Also, they declared that for having a safe trip it is useful to cooperate with the Youth Organization of Red Crescent society. Over 80 % of responders were satisfied with the plan and the given services in all provinces. Conclusion: Relief services are important for Nowruz travelers; therefore, it should be the main important priority for Youth Organization of Red Crescent Society}, Keywords = {Nowrouz Travelers , Guidance national plan, Red Crescent Youth Organization}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-42-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Soleimani, Faranak}, title = {Peace and humanitarian in the poem of Hafez, Saadi & Molana}, abstract ={  Introduction: By using intellectual and cultural capacities of a society it can improve the humanitarian activities in Red Crescent Society. Thus, this paper aims to study the viewpoint of Hafez, Saadi & Molana- Iranian great poets- in different aspects such as   and a comprehensive and immortal ideology to the subjects of peace and reconciliation beyond any race, religion and nationality. Methods: In this descriptive research, it is used of library information based on humanitarian subjects. Findings: Molana pays attention to peace regarding to his thoughts and mysticism. Saadi has a social viewpoint about peace based his life style, training and also concerning Hafez s' view about peace, he cares about peace socially in a new method. Conclusion: Without any bias and stratification, Iranian great poets like Hafez, Saadi & Molana have a humanitarian and global idea about peace and recommend all for admirable characteristics such as forgiveness, kindness, concealment of others' fault etc. in their poems.}, Keywords = {: peace, reconciliation, Hafez, Saadi &,, Molana}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-43-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Fazlikhani, Farveh and Hasani, Negar}, title = {Study the vulnerability of urban furniture in an earthquake}, abstract ={Background: The used equipment in streets or urban furniture is the most important components of the cities. This paper aims to identify the weak and strength points of urban furniture not only in designing, building and positioning but also its influence on disasters increase after an earthquake. Methods: This research has studied the vulnerability of the mentioned components based on current standards. In order to study all current standards of urban furniture and comparing them with the current status, the district 6 of Tehran city (Hafte Tir SQ - Blvd. Keshavarz), as a case study, was selected. Findings: Regarding to the studied standards in this research, some necessary safety points are ignored in urban furniture such as place and way of installation. Conclusion: There is not any suitable regulation and standard in the field of urban furniture in Tehran in spite of compiling the structure standards and urban furniture design.  }, Keywords = {urban furniture, street furniture, open-air furniture, urban equipment, urban equipment safety, urban equipment vulnerability}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-44-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {SharifiSedeh, Mehrab}, title = {Disaster Assessment (1)}, abstract ={Introduction: In the response phase the most important step is to assess disaster after occurrence. By disaster assessment, we can obtain all the needed information for controlling, decision-making and also disaster planning. Lack of disaster assessment causes you to make unsuitable decisions based on limited or inadequate data which leads to imperfect disaster response. According to IFRC, disaster response operation will have an unsuitable function without disaster assessment. This paper presents the principles and concepts of disaster assessment.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {RahbarSoureh, Saeed and ZeinalpourFatahi, Yahy}, title = {Case study: Earthquake in Italy April 6th, 2009}, abstract ={Introduction: A major earthquake struck L'Aquila and the cities around in Italy on Monday, April 6th 2009. At least 300 people were dead, 1,000 injured and 28000 has been made homeless. Officials said that this earthquake was the worst earthquake in Rome in the last decade. This paper aims to describe the way of giving services by government and Italy Red Cross Society and also donations of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in this earthquake  }, Keywords = {rescue & relief, earthquake, Italy}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Kiani, Fariba and Samavatian, Hossein and PourAbdian, Siyamak}, title = {Emergency Reactions Training Effectiveness in Employees}, abstract ={BACKGROUND: This paper aims to study the emergency reactions training in employees' regarding the importance of safety trainings and careful planning in order to prevent and minimize disasters. METHODS: The research methodology involved the study of 50 employees of Esfahan Steel Company by stratified random sampling in 2009. Control and experimental groups were selected and evaluated in pretest and posttest after one month. The data was surveyed by  and safety survey of Munteanu. FINDINGS: based on the test score, emergency reactions training boosted the employees' safety consciousness compared with the meaningful relation of pretest and posttest scores. (p<0/05) CONCLUSION: The results show that emergency reactions training improve the employees' safety consciousness.}, Keywords = {emergency reactions training, safety consciousness, employees}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Elmizadeh, Hiva and Hodaei, Aliasghar}, title = {Crisis Management in Faulting and Earthquake(Case Study: Silakhor plain}, abstract ={Background:Earthquake as a natural phenomenon always has caused death,  and serious damage throughout history. With effective operation and appropriate planning to predict and prevent earthquake , crisis mangers can present scenarios in order to control the process and also enhance their performance in disasters for betterment of handling. Methods:This research is done based on the  regional seismology, geotechnical data, seism s and field operations. Information layers and   of the region were provided and evaluated by GIS. In the end, the results of risk analysis were analyzed. Findings: Doroud fault was activated based on the recent earthquakes occurrence in its vicinity, which was accompanied by geotechnical phenomena such as liquefaction and landslides. Sometimes the movements and debris block the roads. Conclusion:The data and their analysis show that  and earthquake in plain of silakhor. In recent years, large earthquakes confirm the critical role of crisis management components in the earthquake control and risk reduction. So, serious measures and principles should be taken in order to prevent and minimize risk of earthquake in the region.}, Keywords = {crisis management, earthquake, faulting, geotechnical unstable areas, Silakhor plain}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Zamani, Gholamhossein and ZarAfshani, Kiumars and Moradi, Khadije}, title = {Study of Psychological Coping Strategies of Fars Province Farmers in Drought}, abstract ={Introduction: Understanding the farmers' reactions and their psychological and intellectual reflections in drought could provide a basis for effective strategies and decisions making in order to minimize losses in agricultural productions and income. The present paper aims to determine the psychological coping strategies of farmers against drought in Fars province. Methods: By using of multistage cluster sampling and theoretical and field methods, about 360 farmers of 6 townships were surveyed in 3 different regions considering the  of drought such as average, high and very high. Findings: According to the results, the eight priorities of psychological coping strategies are respectively as follows: 'positive evaluation', 'self management', 'drawing social supports', 'staying away from others', 'problem solving', 'responsibility', 'direct contact' and 'denial'. (3.30, 2.67, 2.53, 2.06, 1.83, 1.59, 1.59, 0.99) Conclusion: The research achievements show that some resources, including physical, peripheral, personal and energizing are at risk during drought regarding the farmers' viewpoint. Farmers in severe drought regions feel that their resources are at high risk than others while farmers in other regions feel low risk.}, Keywords = {drought, psychological coping strategies, threatening attitude, vulnerable attitude, challenging attitude, Fars province}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Poorheidari, Gholamreza and Zakariaee, Leila and SepasiMoghadam, Hossein and Najafi, Mehdi}, title = {Evaluation the Course}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION: Education is the inseparable component of preparation in crisis and on the other hand, education evaluation is the inseparable component of education process for improving quantitatively and qualitatively. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the course of "crisis management" for both managers and staff members of unexpected disaster center. METHODS: About 93 participants were selected randomly in this study. The data was collected by using of a questionnaire in three parts as "attitude towards crisis management", view assessment on the course implementation" and finally "collecting suggestions for the course review". FINDINGS: Some participated managers had a positive view about crisis management. They considered it as a scientific-applied knowledge; however over half of them felt that it was not applicable in the country. About 80% of participants were interested in taking part in the supplementary courses and found it useful for their duties in crisis. CONCLUSION: The results have confirmed that participated managers had a positive viewpoint about the course. In addition, they had this tendency to involve in the next planned courses regularly in both theoretical and workshop style. According to their beliefs, these workshops can improve the managers' decision-making in crisis.  }, Keywords = {workshop evaluation, crisis management workshop, training through workshops, crisis management}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Ghasem and Makarem, Asghar and Khankeh, Hamidreza and Karimlou, Masou}, title = {Study of Zanjan Rehabilitation Preparedness in Unexpected Disasters in 2009}, abstract ={INTRODUCTION:According to the studies, most health services centers were damaged during or after disasters in Zanjan. In order to mobilize and resist in disasters, these centers should have an adequate preparation. The aim of this research is to study preparation level of Zanjan province rehabilitation centers in unexpected disasters in 2009. METHODS: The methodology of this research wants to study preparation level of 16 rehabilitation centers of Zanjan province in disasters. By using of a checklist and SPSS, all items were surveyed and analyzed. This checklist including demographic information, crisis management structure, Training and cooperation in the health centers. FINDINDS: None of Zanjan rehabilitation centers do anything about crisis management structure. based on results, rehabilitation centers in Zanjan are not in a strong position in planning and preparedness in unexpected disasters. In coordination within and outside the organization, two rehabilitation centers are in a good position and three are normal, while 11 other centers are in a weak status. CONCLUSION:The results show that the mentioned centers require being prepared at the time of crisis and unexpected disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish some strict rules about crisis management and also preparation programs in the guidelines.}, Keywords = {unexpected disasters, crisis management, preparation, rehabilitation centers}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kazemi, Hasan and Mousavi, Mojtaba and Forutanzadeh, Yadollah}, title = {Study of Awareness and Performance Level in Red Crescent Society Staff of Tehran towards First Aid}, abstract ={Introduction: Iranian Red Crescent Society staff are one of the first responders in disasters, therefore; this paper aims to study the level of awareness and performance of Red Crescent society staff of Tehran towards first aid (as one of the first rescue and relief actions). Methods: The methodology of research involved creation of a questionnaire and a collection of demographic, awareness and performance of extracted data. In this cross sectional research, 80 employees of Red Crescent society of Tehran were surveyed by random sampling in 2009. Findings: About 55 percent of responders have (a good and very good) awareness and knowledge about first aid; also 43 percent have (a good and very good) performance about first aid. based on the variables, there is a meaningful relation between the presence in relief operations and their scores. (p=0.021, r=0.568) Conclusion: According to the results, about half of Red Crescent society staff had an appropriate level of awareness and performance. However, in order to review the first aid training, it is essential to improve the staff response ability in disasters.}, Keywords = {awareness, performance, first aid, Red Crescent society}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {KalantariMeibodi, Mohammad and Alamdari, Shahram and Mohammadi, Parisa and Kariman, Hami}, title = {Study of the Demography of Transferred Patients to Tehran Imam Khomeini Hospital by Relief Helicopter}, abstract ={Introduction: Using of airplane or helicopter could play an important role in decreasing patients' mortality regarding the importance of reducing time of transmission and treatment. This paper aims to study the transferred patients' demography to Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran by relief helicopter in order to make good use of facilities for injured triage. Methods: In this research patients files transferred to the Imam Khomeini hospital by air rescue& relief, were studied in terms of trauma epidemiology and how emergency services were done since the established air emergency on June 2000 to the end of March. Findings: About 92% of 158 patients were hurt in the accident. According to the results, the most common injured organs were the extremities, head and neck. And the worst damage was seen in multiple trauma patients who suffered from the injury to head, neck and thorax. Also, it takes about 23 minutes between the arrival of a patient to the emergency and her/his first visit. Most patients were treated with general surgery and orthopedic services. Conclusion: It is necessary to use appropriate criteria for patients screening in air rescue & relief. The large number of patients are in urgent need of orthopedic and general surgery services, so it is essential that the air rescue& relief should be equipped with facilities.}, Keywords = {air rescue & relief, trauma, triage, orthopedic services, head and neck injury}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mirhaghi, Amirhossein and Ibrahimi, Ibrahim and Sarani, Hame}, title = {Study of Crisis Management Performance in Bampoor Flood}, abstract ={Introduction:Following the 24-hours heavy rainfall in January 2008, the whole dams were destroyed gradually in Bampoor, the city of Sistan & Baluchistan, and it went under water. This study aims to analyze the crisis management in Bampoor flood in January 2008. Methods: By studying the available reports and local news of the crisis management center, disaster was analyzed and assessed through three phases: Preparation, Response and Recovery in 2008. Findings:Due to meteorological warning of heavy rainfall, the emergency meeting of unexpected disaster center in province and Iranshahr Township has been held and the forces settled in the vulnerable points of city. Because of Iranshahr flood, all ignored Bampoor town. So, following the heavy rainfall, people were asked to move to the secure places. According to the results, over 100 relief workers were in response phase; 500 villagers were transferred to the safe places; 1322 vulnerable households were given aid gradually; and also 1788 tents, 1367 carpets, 8612 blankets were distributed among affected ones. Also in Recovery phase, some people were accommodated in the schools or tents and 30 field lavatories were made. Conclusion: Although Bampoor flood had financial loss, there were no casualties. based on this research, it is important to care about health and psychological support to the affected people in relief operations after disasters.}, Keywords = {flood, crisis management, Bampoor flood}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {SharifiSedeh, Mehrab}, title = {Disaster Assessment(2)}, abstract ={Introduction: in previous article of Disaster Assessment (1), all definitions, frameworks, principles, and types of assessment were surveyed based on the time of implementation and described their related areas.  In addition, it mentioned that assessment is divided into two parts such as: Initial Rapid Assessment Detailed Assessment Initial Rapid Assessment is essential in disasters because it provides the most important data and needed information. This information is important because of some reasons: first it is so valid and can be useful for managers; then it helps managers to make best decisions especially when they are suffering from the lack of needed information in the time of emergency. Thus, it is necessary to discuss one of the most important types of assessment in an objective form.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Zamen Publishing}, url = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://jorar.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief}, issn = {2008-4544}, eissn = {2008-529x}, year = {2010} }