fa Pathology of Takhti and Imam Reza Football Stadiums in Mashhad with Emphasis on Passive Defense تاب آوری Resilience پژوهشي Research article <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Nowadays, paying attention to the significance of football stadiums as important urban facilities and applying the principles of passive defense in them are among critical areas in the field of urban management. Given that, the primary goal of the present research is to investigate the pathology of football stadiums with an emphasis on passive defense.<br> <strong>METHODS:</strong> The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the research approach. Data collection was accomplished through documentary and field studies. In the documentary domain, information and data were gathered from the website of sports complexes, publications, and brochures. Regarding the field domain, spatial data related to the city of Mashhad were collected from the database and field studies in the form of observations and interviews with stadium officials. The target stadiums in the present study are Takhti and Imam Reza stadiums, which were studied based on two main criteria of design and location selection based on the principles of passive defense. After specifying the indicators, Arc GIS software was used to perform data analysis and spatial analysis operations.<br> <strong>FINDINGS:</strong> The research findings indicate that the most significant weaknesses of Takhti Stadium are the lack of access to first and secondary arterial roads, the presence of intersections and heavy traffic near the stadium, inadequate open space and parking lots, and lack of automatic fire suppression systems. The drawbacks of Imam Reza Stadium include the absence of shelter, no access to the subway stations, no direct access to primary arterial roads, and the absence of entrance and exit passageways in the stadium.<br> <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The results indicate the fact that paying attention to the indicators and criteria of passive defense can extensively conserve and maintain sports facilities at times of crisis.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Nowadays, paying attention to the significance of football stadiums as important urban facilities and applying the principles of passive defense in them are among critical areas in the field of urban management. Given that, the primary goal of the present research is to investigate the pathology of football stadiums with an emphasis on passive defense.<br> <strong>METHODS:</strong> The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the research approach. Data collection was accomplished through documentary and field studies. In the documentary domain, information and data were gathered from the website of sports complexes, publications, and brochures. Regarding the field domain, spatial data related to the city of Mashhad were collected from the database and field studies in the form of observations and interviews with stadium officials. The target stadiums in the present study are Takhti and Imam Reza stadiums, which were studied based on two main criteria of design and location selection based on the principles of passive defense. After specifying the indicators, Arc GIS software was used to perform data analysis and spatial analysis operations.<br> <strong>FINDINGS:</strong> The research findings indicate that the most significant weaknesses of Takhti Stadium are the lack of access to first and secondary arterial roads, the presence of intersections and heavy traffic near the stadium, inadequate open space and parking lots, and lack of automatic fire suppression systems. The drawbacks of Imam Reza Stadium include the absence of shelter, no access to the subway stations, no direct access to primary arterial roads, and the absence of entrance and exit passageways in the stadium.<br> <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The results indicate the fact that paying attention to the indicators and criteria of passive defense can extensively conserve and maintain sports facilities at times of crisis.</div> Crisis Management, Passive Defense, Sports Stadium. Crisis Management, Passive Defense, Sports Stadium. 263 271 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-680-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shahram Abdi شهرام عبدی shahramabdi67@yahoo.com 10031947532846008270 10031947532846008270 No PhD in Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد Hasan Ghamati حسن قامتی h.ghamati6@yahoo.com 10031947532846008271 10031947532846008271 No PhD in Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه تربیت مدرس Ahmad Mahmoudi احمد محمودی ahmad.mahmoudi3536@gmail.com 10031947532846008272 10031947532846008272 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه تهران Mohammad Ghanbari محمد قنبری shadowshahrah@yahoo.com 10031947532846008273 10031947532846008273 No PhD in Geography and Urban Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Head of Process Improvement and Transformation Department of Mashhad Municipality, Mashhad, Iran دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد