en jalali 1401 5 1 gregorian 2022 8 1 14 3 online 1 fulltext

fa بررسی حوادث ترافیکی ارجاع شده به بیمارستان ها و پزشکی قانونی شهر نیکشهر در فاصله سال های 1393-1397  مقدمه:  کشور ایران و بخصوص استان سیستان وبلوچستان به لحاظ سوانح ترافیکی، یکی از کشورهای دارای بیشترین فراوانی تصادف و مرگ ناشی از آن می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی حوادث ترافیکی ارجاع شده به بیمارستان‌ها و پزشکی قانونی در شهر نیکشهر ایران در استان سیستان و بلوچستان طی سال های 1397-1393 انجام شد. روش : در این مطالعه توصیفی و تحلیلی گذشته نگر، جامعه آماری شامل حوادث ترافیکی ارجاع شده به بیمارستان و پزشکی قانونی شهر نیکشهر بود. داده های مربوط به متغیرهای سن، جنس، مکان تصادف (درون شهری، برون شهری، راه روستایی)، وضعیت مصدوم، شدت جراحت و زمان تصادف با استفاده از چک لیست جمع آوری شد. پس از تعیین شاخص‌های آماری توصیفی ، تحلیل حوادث با استفاده از آزمون مربع کای و همبستگی انجام شد. یافته ها: در طی سالهای مورد مطالعه در شهر نیک­شهر مجموعاً 3669 نفر دچار حادثه تصادف جاده­ای شده­اند که منجر به مرگ 339 نفر از آنان شده است. بیشترین درصد فراوانی حوادث(36 درصد ،1321نفر) در رده سنی 29-19  سال بود. 8/88 درصد حادثه دیدگان(3260 نفر)  در بین افراد  بی سواد و بدون مدرک دانشگاهی و15/11 درصد (409 نفر) دارای تحصیلات دانشگاهی بودند. همچنین این پژوهش نشان داد که 2/51 درصد(1879 نفر)  حادثه دیده‌گان را موتورسیکلت سواران تشیکل می­دهند که در مواردی منجر به شکستگی، آسیب­های شدید، آسیب به سر و مرگ شده است. نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داده است که درصد فراوانی مرگ و میر ناشی از حوادث رانندگی در شهر نیکشهر بالا است  و بیشترین فراوانی حوادث رانندگی در در سال­های مورد مطالعه مربوط در فصل تابستان بوده است. لذا مدیریت پیشگیری در کاهش حوادث و مرگ ومیر ناشی از آنها ضرورت دارد. INTRODUCTION: Iran, especially the Sistan-Baluchestan province, is one of the countries with the highest rates of accidents and traffic-related deaths. The present study aimed to evaluate traffic accidents referred to hospitals and the Forensic Medicine Department in Nikshahr in Sistan-Baluchestan province, Iran during 2014-2018. METHODS: In this retrospective descriptive and analytical study, the statistical population included traffic accidents referred to hospitals and the Department of Forensic Medicine in Nikshahr. The data related to the variables of age, gender, location of the accident (inside or outside urban areas, rural roads), condition of the injured, severity of the injury, and the time of the accident were collected using a checklist. After determining the descriptive statistical indicators, the incidents were analyzed using chi-square and correlation tests. FINDINGS: During the study years in Nikshahr, a total of 3,669 people were involved in road accidents, out of whom 339 cases lost their lives. The highest rate of accidents (36%; n=1321) was in the age group of 19-29 years. Regarding education, 3, 260 (88.8%) crash victims were illiterate and without a university degree, while 409 (11.15%) cases had academic education. It was also detected that 1,879 (51.2%) accident victims were motorcycle riders with reported fractures, severe injuries, head injuries, and death. CONCLUSION: The results of the current pointed to the high rate of traffic-related deaths in Nikshahr, especially in summer. Therefore, prevention management is necessary to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities. Epidemiology, Traffic accidents, Mortality, Nikshahr, Injuries اپیدمیولوژی, حوادث ترافیکی, مرگ و میر, نیکشهر 156 162 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-623-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/8 1399/9/18 2022/06/21 1401/3/31 Ramazan Mirzaei Mashhad University of Medical Sciences رمضان میرزایی MirzaeiR@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460012133 00319475328460012133 No دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد Saydi Baluchi Islamic Azad University of Zahedan صیدی بلوچی S.baluchi237@gmail.com 00319475328460012134 00319475328460012134 No دانشگاه آزاد زاهدان Mohammad Nourmohammadi Mashhad University of Medical Sciences محمد نورمحمدی NourmohammadiM@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460012135 00319475328460012135 No دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد Ebrahim Taban Mashhad University of Medical Sciences ابراهیم تابان TabanE@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460012136 00319475328460012136 No دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد Zahra Rezvani Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad, Iran زهرا رضوانی RezvaniZ@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460012137 00319475328460012137 Yes دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

fa مدل پویای رفتار شهروندی سازمانی از دیدگاه اجتماعی در سازمان های غیردولتی مدیریت بحران(شاهد تجربی:جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران) مقدمه: رفتارشهروندی سازمانی یک اصطلاح نو پا در حوزه منابع انسانی می‌باشد که امروزه برای همه‌ی سازمانها بسیار مهم است. اهمیت کاربردی رفتار شهروند سازمانی این است که کارایی و اثربخشی سازمانی را از طریق سهیم شدن در تحول منابع، نوآوی و انطباق پذیری در محیط‌های دارای پیچیدگی، ابهام و کار تیم محور ارتقا می‌بخشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، طراحی مدل پویای رفتار شهروندی سازمانی از دیدگاه اجتماعی در سازمان های غیردولتی مدیریت بحران(شاهد تجربی:جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران) است. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف در حیطه تحقیقات کاربردی می­باشد و بر اساس ماهیت و روش، یک پژوهش توصیفی-پیمایشی و از نظر روش انجام پژوهش آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) با رویکرد اکتشافی است. اساتید دانشگاه و مدیران و کارشناسان جمعیت هلال احمر کشور، جامعه آماری این پژوهش را شکل می دهند که به شیوه نمونه گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز از مشاهده، مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه عمیق، مرور اسناد و نظرات خبرگان و کارشناسان استفاده و در نهایت با بهره گیری از روش آماری تحلیلی عاملی اکتشافی ابزار سنجش مناسب تهیه می گردد. در این پژوهش، از تکنیک دلفی، فرایند تحلیل شبکه- دیمتل (ANP-DEMATEL) برای تعیین و اولویت‌بندی معیار و زیر معیارها استفاده شده است. به همین منظوراز ماتریس مقایسه زوجی برای تعیین وزن معیار‌ها استفاده شده است. یافته ها:در این پژوهش، رفتارهای کمک‌کننده، ابتکارات فردی، اطاعت سازمانی، وفاداری سازمانی، جوانمردی، فضیلت مدنی و توسعه شخصی  به ترتیب اولویت جزو ابعاد رفتار شهروندی سازمانی است. نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که پیامدهای رفتار شهروندی سازمانی شامل؛ افزایش بهره‌وری عملکرد و اثربخشی، ارتقاء روابط مثبت بین کارکنان، کارایی بیشتر در تخصیص منابع، کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداری، ایجاد انعطاف لازم برای نوآوری، بهبود خدمت به مشتری و استفاده اثربخش از منابع کمیاب است. INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to provide a dynamic model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in crisis management non-governmental organizations with a social approach (experimental evidence:IRCS). METHODS: This applied research was conducted using a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method to analyze the data. The statistical population consisted of university professors as well as the managers and experts of the Iranian Red Crescent Society, who were selected by the snowball sampling method. The total number of experts in the Iranian Red Crescent Society and in the academic community accounted for 10 individuals (n=5 each), and the sampling continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The required information was collected through observation, in-depth and semi-in-depth interviews, review of documents, and experts' opinions; finally, appropriate measurement tools were prepared using the exploratory factor analytical statistical method,. In this research, the Delphi technique and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process were employed to determine and prioritize criteria and sub-criteria. For this purpose, the pairwise comparison matrix was used to determine the weight of the criteria. FINDINGS: In this study, helping behaviors, individual initiatives, organizational obedience, organizational loyalty, chivalry, civic virtue, and personal development were among the dimensions of OCB in descending order. CONCLUSION: The results of this research showed that the consequences of OCB included an increase in performance productivity and effectiveness, the promotion of positive relations between employees, more efficiency in allocating resources, reduction in maintenance costs, the provision of necessary flexibility for innovation, improvement of customer service, and effective use of scarce resources. Organizational citizenship behavior, NGOs, Crisis management, Red Crescent Society رفتار شهروندی سازمانی, سازمان غیردولتی, مدیریت بحران, جمعیت هلال احمر 163 175 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-621-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/2 1400/10/12 2022/06/212022/05/11 1401/2/21 Mahdi Vakilian Sayyah PhD Student in Organizational Behavior Public Management, Department of Management, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran مهدی وکیلیان vakilianm953@yahoo.com 00319475328460014854 0000000189295930 No Hasan Ali Aghajani Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran حسنعلی آقاجانی aghajani@umz.ac.ir 00319475328460014855 000000033993345X Yes Ghorban Ali Agha Ahmadi Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran قربانعلی آقااحمدی ahmadyali33@yahoo.com 00319475328460014856 0000000156669908 No Maryam Rahmaty Department of Management, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran مریم رحمتی rahmaty.maryam61@iauc.ac.ir 00319475328460014857 0000000337724216 No

fa Optimization of the Construction System of Relief Tents Used in Emergency Accommodation INTRODUCTION: The frequency of natural disasters is high in Iran due to its special climatic and geophysical conditions. However, the provision of better services to trauma victims requires further research. Decisions on emergency accommodation and meeting the needs of the victims are often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the lack of appropriate studies leads to the provision of low-quality and intermittent services. METHODS: This applied and descriptive-analytical study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of relief tents using documentary and library resources, observation, and interviews with officials and experts, and the effective standards for the construction system of emergency accommodation. The thermal comfort of the victims was then investigated using the guidelines of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), interviews with the victims, and field tests. Moreover, solutions are introduced for the improvement and optimization of relief tents, and a new building system is introduced for the emergency accommodation of victims in incidents by removing the disadvantages of the systems previously used in emergency accommodation. FINDINGS: According to the observations and investigations, the previously used emergency shelters do not meet the needs of the accident survivors properly and their design does not correspond to the users’ culture and needs. The problems with the current accommodating methods include lack of privacy, lack of protection against disturbing cold and heat, and inappropriate and non-standard dimensions of the existing tents. Solutions have been presented to solve the existing problems and a new system for emergency accommodation has been introduced based on field observations and interviews with experts. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the votes of 22 percent of people are in the range of slightly warm to slightly cold; which shows that these people are satisfied with their accommodation regarding thermal comfort. 78 percent of the people's votes were outside the satisfaction range. Due to the chambered structure of the tent, direct sunlight in the summer, the lack of proper air exchange, the weakness of the structural components of the tent and the lack of heat retention in the winter, proper mechanical systems should be used to provide thermal comfort, which is not feasible in practice due to the extent of the incidents and large amounts of equipment and resources needed which bolds the importance of the proposed construction system. INTRODUCTION: The frequency of natural disasters is high in Iran due to its special climatic and geophysical conditions. However, the provision of better services to trauma victims requires further research. Decisions on emergency accommodation and meeting the needs of the victims are often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the lack of appropriate studies leads to the provision of low-quality and intermittent services. METHODS: This applied and descriptive-analytical study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of relief tents using documentary and library resources, observation, and interviews with officials and experts, and the effective standards for the construction system of emergency accommodation. The thermal comfort of the victims was then investigated using the guidelines of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), interviews with the victims, and field tests. Moreover, solutions are introduced for the improvement and optimization of relief tents, and a new building system is introduced for the emergency accommodation of victims in incidents by removing the disadvantages of the systems previously used in emergency accommodation. FINDINGS: According to the observations and investigations, the previously used emergency shelters do not meet the needs of the accident survivors properly and their design does not correspond to the users’ culture and needs. The problems with the current accommodating methods include lack of privacy, lack of protection against disturbing cold and heat, and inappropriate and non-standard dimensions of the existing tents. Solutions have been presented to solve the existing problems and a new system for emergency accommodation has been introduced based on field observations and interviews with experts. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the votes of 22 percent of people are in the range of slightly warm to slightly cold; which shows that these people are satisfied with their accommodation regarding thermal comfort. 78 percent of the people's votes were outside the satisfaction range. Due to the chambered structure of the tent, direct sunlight in the summer, the lack of proper air exchange, the weakness of the structural components of the tent and the lack of heat retention in the winter, proper mechanical systems should be used to provide thermal comfort, which is not feasible in practice due to the extent of the incidents and large amounts of equipment and resources needed which bolds the importance of the proposed construction system. Building systems, Emergency accommodation, Natural disasters, Optimization, Relief tents Building Systems, Emergency Accommodation, Natural Disasters, Optimization, Relief Tents 176 191 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-744-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/16 1401/1/27 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/29 1401/3/8 Babak Omidvar Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran بابک امیدوار bomidvar@ut.ac.ir 00319475328460014852 00319475328460014852 Yes دانشگاه تهران Mohsen Khorram MSc. in Natural Disasters, , Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran محسن خرم mohsenkhorram@ut.ac.ir 00319475328460014853 00319475328460014853 No دانشگاه تهران

en INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to investigate communication, information exchange, cooperation, and trust networks in Iran's Humanitarian Supply Chain at both inter-organizational and interpersonal levels. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of this research included the organizations and people involved in relief operations performed in three recent disasters: the fire-induced collapse of the Plasco building, Shahran gas explosion, and the flash flood in the Tehran subway. In order to analyze networks, a questionnaire containing network analysis questions was designed. Upon the completion of the questionnaires, the data of each network were entered systematically into a matrix on an excel spreadsheet. Such indexes as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, intersection points, isolation points, and network density were calculated by Ucinet and NetDraw software packages; therefore, the networks were analyzed. FINDINGS: Based on the results obtained from the analysis of communication, information exchange, and cooperation networks, the network density was 21%, indicating a low level of organizational relationship. At this level of communication, information exchange and cooperation were obtained at 11.5% and 16.5%, respectively. The analysis of the trust network also illustrated that the density of this network was 26.6%, suggesting that out of 21% of connections, there was about a quarter of possible trust. This is suggestive of low levels of inter-organizational Trust. CONCLUSION: Building trust in Iran's humanitarian service supply chain can be very effective in the acceleration of service supply, organization, and success of relief operations Humanitarian services, Network analysis, Supply chain, Trust 192 210 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-224-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/162022/09/10 1401/6/19 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/292022/08/24 1401/6/2 Hamidreza Talaie Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran H-talaie@araku.ac.ir 00319475328460012114 00319475328460012114 Yes Morteza Hajian Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Shahid Ashrafi University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 00319475328460012115 00319475328460012115 No

fa INTRODUCTION: The Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most effective service-oriented organizations in the country which has a high potential for trust building and role modelling. Using human resources with a humanitarian approach and identification of causal, contextual, and intervening factors that lead to building trust contribute to the excellence of this popular institution. Therefore, this study aimed to present a model of organizational trust based on the assumptions of human resources in service-oriented organizations, particularly The Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, using the meta-synthesis approach. METHODS: This is a qualitative cross-sectional study, in which 1,269 relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022 were collected from the Web of Science database. A total of 85 articles were selected and used, as the basis for the data extraction, to determine trust building based on the assumptions of human resources theories in the interpretive paradigm. FINDINGS: Trust building in the Red Crescent Society is one of its essential elements due to the impact of environmental and human variables. Therefore, this study identified causal conditions (organizational factors, job, employees), background conditions (culture, ethics, religion, individual, organization, intervening conditions (managerial, occupational, and psychological), strategies (new leadership, transparency, Quantum management, talent management), and the outcomes (including organizational citizenship behaviour, social responsibility, organizational spirituality), which included a total of 28 common features and 152 components. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, trust-building management methods in the Red Crescent Society include open communication, brainstorming, collaborative management, a supportive atmosphere, and effective strategies in the functional dimensions of the Red Crescent Society, including new leadership, behavioural assumptions of managers, as well as decision-making in terms of content, time, model, cognition, and approaches of transformative leadership, ethical and pure leadership, positive and servant leadership, and distributed and intellectual leadership. Human resource assumptions, Organizational trust, Service-oriented organizations, Red Crescent Society. 211 221 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-480-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/162022/09/102022/09/10 1401/6/19 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/292022/08/242022/08/24 1401/6/2 Amir Jebbeli PhD student in Business Administration, University of Tehran Aras International Campus, University of Tehran 00319475328460012116 00319475328460012116 No Seyed Reza Seyed Javadin University of Tehran Aras International Campus, University of Tehran rjavadin@ut.ac.ir 00319475328460012117 00319475328460012117 Yes Abbas Ali Haj Karimi Visiting faculty member, University of Tehran Aras International Campus, University of Tehran 00319475328460012118 00319475328460012118 No Mohammad Taban Visiting faculty member, University of Tehran Aras International Campus, University of Tehran m.taban@ilam.ac.ir 00319475328460012119 00319475328460012119 No

fa Proposing an Evacuation Exit Plan for Pilgrims during Accidents from the Shrine of Imam Reza INTRODUCTION: Behavioural patterns of the people can affect the emergency evacuation procedure. The most important issue of crisis management is to evacuate the people from the accident site in the shortest time and with the maximum speed. Pilgrimage destinations attract many pilgrims on religious occasions, and this has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue in these centers. This study aimed to explain and propose an evacuation exit plan for pilgrims during accidents in the most important and prominent religious center of Iran (Shrine of Imam Reza). METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed using an applied research method. The document-library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population includes the managers of the Shrine complex, experts of the crisis management headquarters, consulting engineers in architecture and urban planning, as well as managers and experts in Mashhad Municipality. The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases based on Cochran's formula. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software using structural equation modelling. FINDINGS: According to the results, the presented model includes seven variables (group movement, individual movement, incident management technology tools, perception of the physical environment, physical movement, modelling, and behavioral culture) affecting the pilgrims leaving the incident site in the Shrine of Imam Reza.  CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the presented model with 7 variables and 21 parameters can be used as a suitable model in other places. INTRODUCTION: Behavioural patterns of the people can affect the emergency evacuation procedure. The most important issue of crisis management is to evacuate the people from the accident site in the shortest time and with the maximum speed. Pilgrimage destinations attract many pilgrims on religious occasions, and this has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue in these centers. This study aimed to explain and propose an evacuation exit plan for pilgrims during accidents in the most important and prominent religious center of Iran (Shrine of Imam Reza). METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed using an applied research method. The document-library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population includes the managers of the Shrine complex, experts of the crisis management headquarters, consulting engineers in architecture and urban planning, as well as managers and experts in Mashhad Municipality. The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases based on Cochran's formula. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software using structural equation modelling. FINDINGS: According to the results, the presented model includes seven variables (group movement, individual movement, incident management technology tools, perception of the physical environment, physical movement, modelling, and behavioral culture) affecting the pilgrims leaving the incident site in the Shrine of Imam Reza.  CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the presented model with 7 variables and 21 parameters can be used as a suitable model in other places. Crisis management, Emergency evacuation, Shrine of Imam Reza (AS), Optimal model Crisis Management, Emergency Evacuation, Shrine of Imam Reza (AS), Optimal Model 222 230 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-725-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/162022/09/102022/09/102022/02/9 1400/11/20 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/292022/08/242022/08/242022/07/5 1401/4/14 Javad Bastani Student of Crisis Management, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran جواد باستانی bastanijavad@yahoo.com 00319475328460012120 00319475328460012120 No Ali Mollahosseini Faculty of Economics and Management, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran علی ملاحسینی a_mollahosseini@yahoo.com 00319475328460012121 00319475328460012121 Yes Hani Rezaian Assistant Professor, Faculty of Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran هانی رضائیان hani.Rezayan@gmail.com 00319475328460012122 00319475328460012122 No

fa Identification of the Influential Factors and the Consequences of the Manager’s Growth in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the influential factors and the consequences of managers’ growth in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: This is a practical quantitative and qualitative study. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the study included experts and specialists (n=20) working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a non-random sampling method and interviews. The quantitative part of the study included 257 employees working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, of whom 152 were selected using a random cluster sampling method. FINDINGS: According to the results, seven factors were recognized as the requirements for designing the maturity model of the managers of the Red Crescent Society in Tehran. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results in this study, organizational factors were considered causal conditions, which consisted of seven components (managerial, structural, organizational culture, organizational training, organizational justice, organizational sociability of managers, and psychological contracts of managers with the organization). Moreover, five effective dimensions of managers’ growth led to employees’ participation, employees’ commitment, the organization’s productivity, the organization’s performance, and the manager’s self-efficacy.   INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the influential factors and the consequences of managers’ growth in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: This is a practical quantitative and qualitative study. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the study included experts and specialists (n=20) working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a non-random sampling method and interviews. The quantitative part of the study included 257 employees working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, of whom 152 were selected using a random cluster sampling method. FINDINGS: According to the results, seven factors were recognized as the requirements for designing the maturity model of the managers of the Red Crescent Society in Tehran. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results in this study, organizational factors were considered causal conditions, which consisted of seven components (managerial, structural, organizational culture, organizational training, organizational justice, organizational sociability of managers, and psychological contracts of managers with the organization). Moreover, five effective dimensions of managers’ growth led to employees’ participation, employees’ commitment, the organization’s productivity, the organization’s performance, and the manager’s self-efficacy. Competence, Growth, Managers’ growth. Competence, Growth, Managers’ growth 231 236 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-714-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/162022/09/102022/09/102022/02/92022/06/1 1401/3/11 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/292022/08/242022/08/242022/07/52022/07/11 1401/4/20 Samira Soleimani PhD Candidate in Educational Sciences, Educational Management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 00319475328460012123 00319475328460012123 No Rasoul Davoudi Department of Educational Management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 00319475328460012124 00319475328460012124 Yes Mehdi Afzali Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 00319475328460012125 00319475328460012125 No

en چالش های اجرای عملیاتی تمرین‌های حوزه بهداشت و درمان در حوادث و بلایا در ایران Letter to Editor Disasters, Exercises, Health, Military Forces تمرین ها, بهداشت, نیروهای نظامی, بلایا 237 238 http://jorar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-560-13&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2020/12/82022/01/22022/04/162022/09/102022/09/102022/02/92022/06/12022/03/7 1400/12/16 2022/06/212022/05/112022/05/292022/08/242022/08/242022/07/52022/07/112022/06/20 1401/3/30 Simintaj Sharififar Assistant Professor, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran s_sharififar@yahoo.com 00319475328460012688 00319475328460012688 No Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh Assistant Professor, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran miladahmadimarzaleh@yahoo.com 00319475328460012689 00319475328460012689 No Saeed Nazari Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed.Nazari93@yahoo.com 00319475328460012690 00319475328460012690 Yes