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The role of Red Crescent Society public education in urban crisis management نقش آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر در مدیریت بحران شهری 2 1 مقدمه: با توجه به اجتناب‌ناپذیر بودن وقوع بحران، باید با سیاستی جامع و برنامه‌ریزی شده و البته همگانی، مجموعه راهبردهای آمادگی مقابله با مخاطرات را در میان شهروندان نهادینه کرد. در چنین شرایطی هریک از شهروندان حتی اگر از توان، دانش و انگیزۀ کافی برای کمک به دیگران یا مشارکت در برنامه‌های گروه‌های دوام (داوطلب واکنش اضطراری) برخوردار نباشند، دست‌کم می‌توانند برای حفظ جان خود و اعضای خانواده پیش‌قدم شوند. از‌این‌رو، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر بر مدیریت بحران شهری در شهر زاهدان است. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر اجرا توصیفی- پیمایشی با رویکرد همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری شهروندان شهر زاهدان می‌باشند که برای تعیین حداقل حجم نمونۀ لازم با استفاده از جدول مورگان، 384 نفر به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامۀ آموزش‌های همگانی پورکریمی ‌(1394) و مدیریت بحران جهرمی ‌(1380) است که روایی صوری و محتوایی آنها به تأیید صاحب‌نظران رسید و روایی سازه با تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و نرم‌افزار آموس تأیید شد. پایایی پرسشنامه‌ها نیز با آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 96/0 و 93/0 محاسبه شد. همچنین داده­ها با استفاده از20-SPSS در دو سطح آمار توصیفی (فراوانی، درصد، میانگین و انحراف معیار) و استنباطی (آزمون کولموگروف‌-اسمیرنوف، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: همبستگی بین متغیر مستقل و وابسته، 828/0 و ضریب تعیین 685/0به‌دست آمد که این مقدار نشان می‌دهد از دیدگاه شهروندان، 5/68 درصد قابلیت‌های مدیریت بحران شهری به آموزش‌های همگانی فعلی جمعیت هلال‌احمر مربوط است. مؤلفه‌های مکانیزم­های انگیزشی با ضریب رگرسیون (471/0)، ضریب رگرسیون نیازسنجی (268/0) و اجرا با ضریب رگرسیون (0106/0) به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر مدیریت بحران شهری داشتند. بر اساس ضرایب رگرسیون محاسبه‌شده، آمارۀ t و سطح معنی‌داری گزارش شده دو مؤلفۀ طراحی و ارزشیابی نقش مؤثری بر مدیریت بحران شهری نداشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر بر مدیریت بحران شهری تأثیر دارد. 2 Introduction: Since crises are inevitable, it is essential to institutionalize preparedness measures and strategies for dealing with hazards among citizens with a comprehensive, planned and public policy. Under such circumstances, citizens will be able to save the lives of themselves and their family members, even if they had no power, sufficient knowledge, and motivation to help others or participate in DAVAM plan (local volunteer groups for emergency response). In this regard, this study aims to investigate the effect of Red Crescent Society public education on urban crisis management in Zahedan city. Method: In this applied descriptive survey with correlation approach, citizens of Zahedan city were studied. In the following, a sample size of 384 was selected by using Morgan table based on simple random sampling. Data collected through Pourkarimi public education questionnaire (2016) and Jahromi crisis management questionnaire (2001). Experts confirmed the questionnaires content and structure validity through both confirmatory factor analysis and Amos software; also, the reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.96 and 0.93). Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software in descriptive statistics level (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics level (Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions). Findings: According to the findings, correlation between independent and dependent variable was 0.882 and coefficient of determination was 685, which indicated about 68.5% of urban crisis management capabilities are related to Red Crescent Society public education due to citizens’ point of view. However, the motivational mechanisms with regression coefficient (0.471), need assessment (0.268), and performance (0.1056) had the greatest impact among the components of public education respectively. In addition, the two components of design and assessment did not have a significant impact on urban crisis management based on calculate regression coefficients, t-statistic, and significance level. Conclusion: The results showed that public education Red Crescent Society has significant effect on urban crisis management.   1 17 2018/03/30 1397/1/10 2019/02/19 1397/11/30 عالمه کیخا Aleme Keikha Assistant Professor, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Iran aleme.keikha@yahoo.com زهره شهرکی Zohreh Shahreki هلال‌احمر، Iran shahreki_z54@yahoo.com ابراهیم حدادی Ebrahim Haddadi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Iran haddadiebrahim@gmail.com محسن نوری دلاور Mohsen Nouri Delavar دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Iran mohsen.nori1395@gmail.com public education Red Crescent Society urban crisis management آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر مدیریت بحران شهری ##1. Green GB, Modi S, Lunney K, Thomas TL. Generic evaluation methods for disaster drills in developing countries. Annals of emergency medicine. 2003 May 31; 41(5):689-99.##2. Porkerim, J. Presenting the Red Crescent Society Public Education Model: A Comprehensive and Systemic Approach, Researcher's Quarterly Journal of Rescue.1394, 7, 4. [In Persian]##3. Shakerinezhad, BC. Saki, M. Jarvandi, ph. Saki, n. Asked pattern of behavior based safety training effects on male students for earthquake in primary schools in Ahvaz city. Yazd College of Public Health. 1392, 2 (12): 174 -182. [In Persian]##4. Heshmati, V. Izadkhah, E. A. Examples of teaching methods and patterns "earthquake safety" for preschool and primary school levels. Rescue.1389, 1 (2):82-102. [In Persian]##5. Vaziri, M. Jahani, Sh.Shahrvandi. Skills required by students in Bam schools. Journal of Educational Innovations, 1385. 17 (5): 182-164. [In Persian]##6. Modiri, M; Nosrati, S; Karimi Shirazi, H. Crisis Management Planning in Urban Management with Inactive Defense Approach Using SWOT and MCDM Method, Special Issue for the Week of Defensive Fighting 94, Fall and Winter,1394. Volume 4. Page 1-106. [In Persian]##7. Hosseini, T. The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Crisis Management. Law Enforcement.1394. Year 10, Number 2. [In Persian]##8. Pour Omlagh, H; Ahmadi Aval. M; Ahmadi Aval. M; Rashidi. Y. The Explanation of the Role of Cyberspace in City Crisis Management with the Approach on the City of Hamedan, Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the Iranian Polytechnic Association, .1392.July, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]##9. Shakib, H; Moghadasi Mousavi, A. Crisis management in the capital, Proceedings of the second construction seminar in the capital.1390. June, Tehran University. [In Persian]##10. Hamidi,M. The Role of Urban Planning and Design in Risk Reduction and Crisis Management.1392. Second International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. [In Persian]##11. Altafi, M; Sekhavati, E; Faramarzi, H. Desirable Effectiveness of Incident and Crisis General Training, 1392. National Conference on Crisis Management and HSE in vital arteries. Industry and urban management. [In Persian]##12. Jamali, A; Fatehi Manesh, K. The Effectiveness of In-Service Training of Crisis Management Staff Offering Appropriate Educational Strategies in the Management of the Earthquake Crisis, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies,1389. 2, No. 4. [In Persian]##13. Hashemi Ptroudi, S.H; Jafarnejad Chaghushi, A; Sadeghi Moghaddam, M.R; Safari, H. Network governance challenges crisis management. Public Administration Quarterly.1396. Vol. 9, No. 3, 379-402. [In Persian]##14. Yari, A; Parishan, M. Investigating the Role of Training in Natural Risk Management. Natural spatial analysis of natural hazards.1396. Year 4, No. 1, 49-62. [In Persian]##15. Taghvaie, M; Karimi, H. Role of Education and Citizen Participation in Urban Fires Control in Urban Crisis Planning and Management, Geographical Space Journal, .1390.Vol. 11, No. 36. [In Persian]##16. Hadavandi, M.R; Hadavandi, F. Evaluating the effectiveness of the training course on crisis management in Kerman province in 1388, Journal of Rescue and Rescue, 1389. 2 year, No. 1. [In Persian]##17. Jahangiri .A. Selected People's Strategies in Information Recovery and Public Education on Earthquake Preparedness: A Survey of Views and Expectations of the People of Tehran, Quarterly Journal.1389., Year 1, Number 1. [In Persian]##18. Khatami, M; Ziaei A; Aghamiri, S; Ardalan, A. Ahmadinejad, inspirational. . Evaluation of first aid education to volunteers of Iranian Red Crescent Student Students' Clubs, Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 1389. Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 17-10. [In Persian]##19. Chollet, T; Tixier, J; Dandrieux, A; Slangen, P. Training decision-makers: Existing strategies for natural and technological crisis management and specifications of an improved simulation-based tool, Safety Science, Volume 97, August 2017, Pages 144-153.##20. DaSilvaAvanzi, D; Foggiatto, A; Dos Santos, V.A; Deschamps, F ; de Freitas Rocha L. A framework for interoperability assessment in crisis management, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2017. Vol. 5, P. 26-38.##21. Rikardo, J. An integrated MCDM technique combined with DEMATEL for a novel cluster -weighted with ANP method.2015. Expert Systems with Applications. ##

Seismic assessment of residential structures using FEMA P-154 guideline and investigating changes in comparison to FEMA 2002 (case study: Ferdows Blvd of Tehran city) ارزیابی لرزه‌ای سازه‌های مسکونی با استفاده از دستورالعمل 2015 فما و بررسی تغییرات آن نسبت به دستورالعمل 2002 2 1 مقدمه: با توجه به اجتناب‌ناپذیر بودن وقوع بحران، باید با سیاستی جامع و برنامه‌ریزی شده و البته همگانی، مجموعه راهبردهای آمادگی مقابله با مخاطرات را در میان شهروندان نهادینه کرد. در چنین شرایطی هریک از شهروندان حتی اگر از توان، دانش و انگیزۀ کافی برای کمک به دیگران یا مشارکت در برنامه‌های گروه‌های دوام (داوطلب واکنش اضطراری) برخوردار نباشند، دست‌کم می‌توانند برای حفظ جان خود و اعضای خانواده پیش‌قدم شوند. از‌این‌رو، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر بر مدیریت بحران شهری در شهر زاهدان است. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر اجرا توصیفی- پیمایشی با رویکرد همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری شهروندان شهر زاهدان می‌باشند که برای تعیین حداقل حجم نمونۀ لازم با استفاده از جدول مورگان، 384 نفر به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامۀ آموزش‌های همگانی پورکریمی ‌(1394) و مدیریت بحران جهرمی ‌(1380) است که روایی صوری و محتوایی آنها به تأیید صاحب‌نظران رسید و روایی سازه با تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و نرم‌افزار آموس تأیید شد. پایایی پرسشنامه‌ها نیز با آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 96/0 و 93/0 محاسبه شد. همچنین داده­ها با استفاده از20-SPSS در دو سطح آمار توصیفی (فراوانی، درصد، میانگین و انحراف معیار) و استنباطی (آزمون کولموگروف‌-اسمیرنوف، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: همبستگی بین متغیر مستقل و وابسته، 828/0 و ضریب تعیین 685/0به‌دست آمد که این مقدار نشان می‌دهد از دیدگاه شهروندان، 5/68 درصد قابلیت‌های مدیریت بحران شهری به آموزش‌های همگانی فعلی جمعیت هلال‌احمر مربوط است. مؤلفه‌های مکانیزم­های انگیزشی با ضریب رگرسیون (471/0)، ضریب رگرسیون نیازسنجی (268/0) و اجرا با ضریب رگرسیون (0106/0) به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر مدیریت بحران شهری داشتند. بر اساس ضرایب رگرسیون محاسبه‌شده، آمارۀ t و سطح معنی‌داری گزارش شده دو مؤلفۀ طراحی و ارزشیابی نقش مؤثری بر مدیریت بحران شهری نداشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که آموزش‌های همگانی جمعیت هلال‌احمر بر مدیریت بحران شهری تأثیر دارد. 2 Introduction: Residential buildings are highly vulnerable to earthquakes and their destruction can cause many casualties and injuries. Hence, seismic assessment of buildings is necessary prior to earthquake which one of the methods is Rapid-Visual-Screening (RVS).  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in its most recent guideline has presented some changes in the data collection form with a conservative approach for seismic assessment of buildings. Method: In this applied research, changes made in the data collection form of RVS, were identified and compared to the previous version. Using this form, seismic assessment of residential buildings of Ferdows neighborhood in 5th region of Tehran city was performed. Findings: In the new version of FEMA, the data collection form for seismicity region is classified into five categories. Some factors such as building type, severe and moderate vertical irregularities, plan irregularity, built year, and soil type have been used to determine the final score. Among 816 selected buildings, 557 newly built buildings have achieved acceptable score and some of them got less than cut-off score. All 259 steel (URM) buildings in this neighborhood are vulnerable to earthquake. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that many newly built buildings should be further evaluated by a design professional experienced in seismic design in order to determine whether they are seismically hazardous.  Reconstruction or strengthening of steel (URM) buildings is necessary as soon as possible. 18 28 2018/03/302017/06/19 1396/3/29 2019/02/192019/02/25 1397/12/6 مهناز خردمند Mahnaz Kheradmand Master of Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran ایران kheradmand.mahnaz@gmail.com محمود جمعه پور Mahmoud Jomepour دانشکده علوم اجتماعی داشگاه علامه طباطبایی ایران mahjom43@gmail.com residential buildings earthquake vulnerability RVS FEMA P-154 guideline Tehran city سازه‌های مسکونی زلزله آسیب‌پذیری ارزیابی بصری سریع دستورالعمل 2015 فما شهر تهران 1. Senouci, A, Bard, P, Farsi, M, et all. Robustness and uncertainties of seismic damage estimates at urban scale: a methodological comparison on the example of the city of Oran (Algeria). Bultain of earthquake engineering. 2013; 11: 1191-1215.##2. Amini Hosseini, K, Hosseini, M, Jaffari, M.K and Hosseinioon, S. Recognition of vulnerable urban fabric in earthquake zones: A case study of the Tehran metropolitan area. JSEE. 2009; 10: 175-187.##3. Paribadi, K.S, Kusumastuti, D, Rildova. Learning from recent Indonesian earthquakes: An overview to improve structural performance. The fourth world conference on earthquake engineering. Beijing, China. 2008. ##4. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction (2015-2030). A/ conf.224/crp.1. 2015.##5. Saremi, H, Ebrahimpour M, Saeedi, M. Analysis of reduction process of urban open space in process of cities development with emphasis on crisis management in Tehran metro police. Journal of sustainable development, published by Canadian center of science and education. 2012; 5: 130-140.##6. Hosseini M, Amini Hosseini K. Recent development in earthquake risk management plans and program in Tehran. The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering. Beijing, China. 2008.##7. Habib F. The role of urban form in earthquake vulnerability reduction. First edition. Tehran: Science and research branch Islamic Azad university.2011.[In Persian]##8. ATC(P-154). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: a handbook. Third edition. Prepared by the applied technology council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA P 154. Washington, DC. 2015. ##9. Kheradmand M. & Others. Physical seismic vulnerability assessment of neighborhood emphasizing on critical land uses. International Journal of Structural Integrity.2018 http://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-03-2018-0019##10. JICA & CEST. The study on seismic micro zoning of the greater Tehran area in the Islamic republic of Iran, Tehran manicipulity.2000.##11. Seismic building design regulation. Research center of network, housing and urban development. . Fourth edition. Z253. 2014 [In Persian]##12. Hosseini M. Disaster management. Tehran: Nashrshar press. Online available at; http://tdmmo.teran.ir/ 2008.[in Persian]##13. ATC (154). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: a handbook, 2nd ed. Prepared by the applied technology council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 154. Washington, DC, 2002.##14. Sharmand consultant engineers. Development paradigm of fifth Region of Tehran. The center for studies and planning of Tehran. 2004 [In Persian]##15. The development strategy document of Neighborhood. 5th Region of Tehran Municipality.2009 [In Persian]##1. Senouci, A, Bard, P, Farsi, M, et all. Robustness and uncertainties of seismic damage estimates at urban scale: a methodological comparison on the example of the city of Oran (Algeria). Bultain of earthquake engineering. 2013; 11: 1191-1215.##2. Amini Hosseini, K, Hosseini, M, Jaffari, M.K and Hosseinioon, S. Recognition of vulnerable urban fabric in earthquake zones: A case study of the Tehran metropolitan area. JSEE. 2009; 10: 175-187.##3. Paribadi, K.S, Kusumastuti, D, Rildova. Learning from recent Indonesian earthquakes: An overview to improve structural performance. The fourth world conference on earthquake engineering. Beijing, China. 2008. ##4. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction (2015-2030). A/ conf.224/crp.1. 2015.##5. Saremi, H, Ebrahimpour M, Saeedi, M. Analysis of reduction process of urban open space in process of cities development with emphasis on crisis management in Tehran metro police. Journal of sustainable development, published by Canadian center of science and education. 2012; 5: 130-140.##6. Hosseini M, Amini Hosseini K. Recent development in earthquake risk management plans and program in Tehran. The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering. Beijing, China. 2008.##7. Habib F. The role of urban form in earthquake vulnerability reduction. First edition. Tehran: Science and research branch Islamic Azad university.2011.[In Persian]##8. ATC(P-154). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: a handbook. Third edition. Prepared by the applied technology council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA P 154. Washington, DC. 2015. ##9. Kheradmand M. & Others. Physical seismic vulnerability assessment of neighborhood emphasizing on critical land uses. International Journal of Structural Integrity.2018 http://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-03-2018-0019##10. JICA & CEST. The study on seismic micro zoning of the greater Tehran area in the Islamic republic of Iran, Tehran manicipulity.2000.##11. Seismic building design regulation. Research center of network, housing and urban development. . Fourth edition. Z253. 2014 [In Persian]##12. Hosseini M. Disaster management. Tehran: Nashrshar press. Online available at; http://tdmmo.teran.ir/ 2008.[in Persian]##13. ATC (154). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: a handbook, 2nd ed. Prepared by the applied technology council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 154. Washington, DC, 2002.##14. Sharmand consultant engineers. Development paradigm of fifth Region of Tehran. The center for studies and planning of Tehran. 2004 [In Persian]##15. The development strategy document of Neighborhood. 5th Region of Tehran Municipality.2009 [In Persian] ##

Identifying urban crisis management strategies using SWOT and data envelopment analysis (case study: Eslamshahr County) شناسایی راهبردهای مدیریت بحران شهری با استفاده از سوات و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرستان اسلامشهر) 2 1 مقدمه: با توجه به وجود گسل‌های مهم در شهر تهران و احتمال رویداد زمین‌لرزه‌های ویرانگر در این کلان شهر، ارائه راهبردهای مهار بحران و مدیریت آسیب‌ها ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بنابراین در این پژوهش به شناسایی راهبردهای مدیریت بحران شهری در شهرستان اسلامشهر پرداخته شده است. روش: پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع تحلیلی توصیفی است. با استفاده از ابزار سوات[1]، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای مدیریت بحران شهری در شهرستان اسلامشهر بررسی و استراتژی‌های بهینه تدوین شد. سپس استراتژی‌های مشخص شده با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA)[2] رتبه‌بندی گردید. یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه‌وتحلیل ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی و خارجی، نمرۀ نهایی سازمان به ترتیب 1/2 و 46/2 بود که مشخص شد در مدیریت بحران شهرستان اسلامشهر نقاط قوت کمتر از نقاط ضعف و فرصت‌های موجود نیز کمتر از تهدیدهاست. از 25 استراتژی مدون بر اساس سوات که با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها اولویت‌بندی شدند نیز استراتژی‌های ST1 و ST2 دارای بالاترین اولویت بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که استراتژی‌هایی نظیر استفاده از نیروهای انسانی متخصص برای ارتقای آگاهی، آموزش، فرهنگ‌سازی ایمنی و همچنین تقویت و توانمندسازی واحد مدیریت بحران در شهرداری‌های شهرستان اسلامشهر به عنوان مهم‌ترین راهبردهای مدیریت بحران این شهرستان می‌باشند.   [1] SWOT [2] data envelopment analysis 2 Introduction: Considering the existence of major faults in Tehran and probability of devastating earthquakes in this area, it seems essential to provide strategies for confronting the crisis and to manage the damages. Therefore, this paper aims to identify urban crisis management strategies in Eslamshahr County. Method: In this descriptive analytic study, by using the SWOT, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats points of urban crisis management were studies in Eslamshahr County and optimized strategies were developed. Then, the strategies were ranked by using DEA (data envelopment analysis), a nonparametric method based on mathematical modeling. Findings: The findings showed that the final score of organization was 2.1 and 2.46 respectively according to the results of internal and external factors evaluation matrix analyzing. It was found that the strengths are less than weak points and available opportunities are less than threats in Eslamshahr county crisis management. Of the 25 SWOT-based strategies that prioritized by using DEA, the strategies of ST1 and ST2 had the highest priority. Conclusion: The results presented that strategies such as the use of specialized human resources to promote awareness, education, and safety culturalize as well as strengthening and empowering the crisis management unit in Eslamshahr county municipalities are the most important strategies 29 44 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/29 1397/11/9 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/2 1397/12/11 سیدسعید شجاعی Seyed Saeid Shojaei دانشگاه آزاد واحد الکترونیکی ایران sssh.shojaei@gmail.com هستی برقعی پور Hasti Borgheipour Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ایران hasti_bo@yahoo.com زهره مقدس Zohreh Moghaddas دانشگاه آزاد ایران moghaddas.sahar@gmail.com crisis management SWOT data envelopment analysis Eslamshahr مدیریت بحران سوات تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها اسلامشهر 1. Taghvaei M, Karimi H: The role of citizenship training and participation in urban fighting in urban crisis planning and management. Geographic Space, 2011; Vol.1, No.36, pp. 46-25 [In Persian]##2. Eskandari N, BaniHashemi S.M: The role of non-operating defense in crisis management and urban security, first urban planning, urban management and development, Shiraz, Kharazmi High-Tech Institute of Science and Technology. 2015##3. Ghanavati E, Ghalami Sh, Abdoli A. Empowerment of urban crisis management in order to reduce natural disasters (earthquake), case study: Khorramabad city. Natural Geography, 2009; Vol.1, No.4, pp. 24-15 [In Persian]##4. Cao J, Zhu L, Han H, & Zhu, X: Emergency crisis management. In Modern Emergency Management 2018; 254-223. Springer, Singapore.##5. Rezaei M, Hosseini S.M, Hakimi H. Strategical planning for crisis management in Yazd's historical tissue by using SWOT. Journal of Crisis Management Research, 2012 [In Persian]##6. Norouzi A, Farhadi M. Vulnerability assessment and strategic planning for crisis management (earthquake) in rural areas, case study: Shahrekord city. Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management 2017; No.11 [In Persian]##7. Ahmadi H. The role of urbanization in reducing urban vulnerability. Housing and Village Environment; 1997; No.80 [In Persian]##8. UNISDR (The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. Preliminary version prepared as an interagency effort co-ordinated by the ISDR Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002##9. AitsiSelmi A, Egawa S, Sasaki H, Wannous C, Murray V. The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction: Renewing the global commitment to people’s resilience, health, and well-being. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015; 6(2): 176-164##10. Gazerpour, F. TQm Implementation Plan for Disaster Accident Headquarters Place of publication: The first Scientific Research Conference on Rescue and Management, 2002 [In Persian]##11. Ruknaldin Eftekhari A, Vazin N, Pourtaheri M. Natural disaster management process in both native and new ways: villages in Khorshestam district (Khalkhal city). Tarbiat Modares University Press. Space planning. 2007; Vol.13, No.1, pp. 94-63 [In Persian]##12. Fotouhi S, Kiani S: Urban flood risk micro-zoning using a hierarchical analysis process model, case study: Nahavand city.Quarterly Journal of Environmental Planning .Amayesh Journal ISSN 2008-613X .Quarterly Journal of Humanities Issue, 2015; No.29 [In Persian]##13. Tehran Crisis Management Administration, 2017##14. Adib A, Ebadati N, Pourkaramani M: Mechanism and seismicity of perils in Islamshahr. Conference on Applied Geology and the Environment. Type of assembly: Islamic Azad University. Promoter: Islamic Azad University of Eslamshahr, 2007 [In Persian]##15. Rezaei M, Hosseini S.M, Hakimi H: Strategic planning of crisis management in the historical context of Yazd using SWOT model. Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management Research, 2012 [In Persian]##16. Charnes A.W, Cooper W.W and Rhodes E.L. Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units, European journal of operation research. 1978; No.2 (6): 444-429##17. Nouri J, Lotfi FH, Borgheipour H, Atabi F, Sadeghzadeh SM, Moghaddas Z. An analysis of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the vegetable oil industry of Iran: a data envelopment analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013; No.52, pp. 93-84 [In Persian]##18. Borgheipour H, Lotfi FH, Moghaddas Z. Implementing energy efficiency for target setting in the sugar industry of Iran. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2017; 14(8): pp.1697-712 [In Persian]##19. Borgheipour H, Moghaddas Z, Abbassi M, Abbaszadeh Tehrani N. Application of DEA technique in SWOT analysis of oily sludge management using fuzzy data. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2018; 4(2): 183-94##20. Lozano M, Vallés J: An analysis of the implementation of an environmental management system in a local public administration. Journal of environmental management. 2007; 82(4): 511-495##21. Zare K, MehriTekmeh J, Karimi S: A SWOT framework for analyzing the electricity supply chain using an integrated AHP methodology combined with fuzzy-TOPSIS. International Strategic Management Review. 2015; 3(1): 80-66 [In Persian]##22. Borgheipour H, Mogouei R. Evaluation of the implementation of energy efficiency measures with SWOT method in the sugar industry and the vegetable oil industry, Providing practical and management procedures to reduce electric energy consumption in building. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2016 [In Persian]##23. Rahnama M, Hosseini S.M. Crisis Management in Urban Waste Structures Using SWOT and QSPM Method, case study: Mashhad fourth region, 2016; Vol. 5, No.2 (10): 64-51 [In Persian]##24. Fattahian S.A. Strategies to promote seismic crisis management in the 20th district of Tehran. Crisis Prevention and Management, 2016; Vol.6, No.1##25. Sun Y, Huang H, Zhou C: A Game Cross-Efficiency Model to Urban Public Infrastructure Investment Comprehensive Efficiency of China. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016; 1-10 ##26. S. Hajduk. Efficiency evaluation of urban transport using the DEA method, 2018##27. Xiaoping Z, Yuanfang L, Wenjia W: Evaluation of Urban Resource and Environmental Efficiency in China Based on the DEA Model. J.Resour. Ecol. 2014; 5 (1) 011-019##1. Taghvaei M, Karimi H: The role of citizenship training and participation in urban fighting in urban crisis planning and management. Geographic Space, 2011; Vol.1, No.36, pp. 46-25 [In Persian]##2. Eskandari N, BaniHashemi S.M: The role of non-operating defense in crisis management and urban security, first urban planning, urban management and development, Shiraz, Kharazmi High-Tech Institute of Science and Technology. 2015##3. Ghanavati E, Ghalami Sh, Abdoli A. Empowerment of urban crisis management in order to reduce natural disasters (earthquake), case study: Khorramabad city. Natural Geography, 2009; Vol.1, No.4, pp. 24-15 [In Persian]##4. Cao J, Zhu L, Han H, & Zhu, X: Emergency crisis management. In Modern Emergency Management 2018; 254-223. Springer, Singapore.##5. Rezaei M, Hosseini S.M, Hakimi H. Strategical planning for crisis management in Yazd's historical tissue by using SWOT. Journal of Crisis Management Research, 2012 [In Persian]##6. Norouzi A, Farhadi M. Vulnerability assessment and strategic planning for crisis management (earthquake) in rural areas, case study: Shahrekord city. Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management 2017; No.11 [In Persian]##7. Ahmadi H. The role of urbanization in reducing urban vulnerability. Housing and Village Environment; 1997; No.80 [In Persian]##8. UNISDR (The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. Preliminary version prepared as an interagency effort co-ordinated by the ISDR Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002##9. AitsiSelmi A, Egawa S, Sasaki H, Wannous C, Murray V. The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction: Renewing the global commitment to people’s resilience, health, and well-being. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015; 6(2): 176-164##10. Gazerpour, F. TQm Implementation Plan for Disaster Accident Headquarters Place of publication: The first Scientific Research Conference on Rescue and Management, 2002 [In Persian]##11. Ruknaldin Eftekhari A, Vazin N, Pourtaheri M. Natural disaster management process in both native and new ways: villages in Khorshestam district (Khalkhal city). Tarbiat Modares University Press. Space planning. 2007; Vol.13, No.1, pp. 94-63 [In Persian]##12. Fotouhi S, Kiani S: Urban flood risk micro-zoning using a hierarchical analysis process model, case study: Nahavand city.Quarterly Journal of Environmental Planning .Amayesh Journal ISSN 2008-613X .Quarterly Journal of Humanities Issue, 2015; No.29 [In Persian]##13. Tehran Crisis Management Administration, 2017##14. Adib A, Ebadati N, Pourkaramani M: Mechanism and seismicity of perils in Islamshahr. Conference on Applied Geology and the Environment. Type of assembly: Islamic Azad University. Promoter: Islamic Azad University of Eslamshahr, 2007 [In Persian]##15. Rezaei M, Hosseini S.M, Hakimi H: Strategic planning of crisis management in the historical context of Yazd using SWOT model. Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management Research, 2012 [In Persian]##16. Charnes A.W, Cooper W.W and Rhodes E.L. Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units, European journal of operation research. 1978; No.2 (6): 444-429##17. Nouri J, Lotfi FH, Borgheipour H, Atabi F, Sadeghzadeh SM, Moghaddas Z. An analysis of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the vegetable oil industry of Iran: a data envelopment analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013; No.52, pp. 93-84 [In Persian]##18. Borgheipour H, Lotfi FH, Moghaddas Z. Implementing energy efficiency for target setting in the sugar industry of Iran. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2017; 14(8): pp.1697-712 [In Persian]##19. Borgheipour H, Moghaddas Z, Abbassi M, Abbaszadeh Tehrani N. Application of DEA technique in SWOT analysis of oily sludge management using fuzzy data. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2018; 4(2): 183-94##20. Lozano M, Vallés J: An analysis of the implementation of an environmental management system in a local public administration. Journal of environmental management. 2007; 82(4): 511-495##21. Zare K, MehriTekmeh J, Karimi S: A SWOT framework for analyzing the electricity supply chain using an integrated AHP methodology combined with fuzzy-TOPSIS. International Strategic Management Review. 2015; 3(1): 80-66 [In Persian]##22. Borgheipour H, Mogouei R. Evaluation of the implementation of energy efficiency measures with SWOT method in the sugar industry and the vegetable oil industry, Providing practical and management procedures to reduce electric energy consumption in building. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2016 [In Persian]##23. Rahnama M, Hosseini S.M. Crisis Management in Urban Waste Structures Using SWOT and QSPM Method, case study: Mashhad fourth region, 2016; Vol. 5, No.2 (10): 64-51 [In Persian]##24. Fattahian S.A. Strategies to promote seismic crisis management in the 20th district of Tehran. Crisis Prevention and Management, 2016; Vol.6, No.1##25. Sun Y, Huang H, Zhou C: A Game Cross-Efficiency Model to Urban Public Infrastructure Investment Comprehensive Efficiency of China. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016; 1-10 ##26. S. Hajduk. Efficiency evaluation of urban transport using the DEA method, 2018##27. Xiaoping Z, Yuanfang L, Wenjia W: Evaluation of Urban Resource and Environmental Efficiency in China Based on the DEA Model. J.Resour. Ecol. 2014; 5 (1) 011-019 ##

Investigating the Role of Job Engagement with Career Adaptability in Employees and Relief Workers of Semnan Red Crescent Society واکاوی نقش عجین شدن با شغل بر تطبیق پذیری شغلی در بین امدادگران و کارکنان جمعیت هلال احمر 2 1 مقدمه: امروزه کارکنان در سازمان‌ها تمایل بیشتری به مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری و فعالیت‌های سازمان دارند. علاوه بر این، عجین‌شدن با شغل­ نتایج مثبتی به همراه دارد و سبب می‌شود که کارکنان در سازمان مشارکت بیشتری داشته باشند و در آن درگیر شوند و از بودن در سازمان لذت ببرند. با توجه به اهمیت روزافزون منابع انسانی به‌عنوان سرمایه‌های سازمان، محققان برآن شدند تا پژوهشی در مورد شغل و عوامل انگیزشی کارکنان انجام دهند. از این‌رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطۀ بین عجین­شدن با شغل و ابعاد تطبیق‌پذیری شغلی در بین امدادگران و کارکنان جمعیت هلال‌احمر استان سمنان است. روش: این مطالعه از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی است که به روش پیمایشی انجام شد. در این پژوهش 200 نفر از امدادگران و کارکنان هلال‌احمر استان سمنان به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب ‌شدند. برای سنجش شاخص عجین­شدن از پرسشنامۀ استاندارد شاوفلی و همکاران (2006) و برای سنجش تطبیق‌پذیری شغلی از پرسشنامه ساویکاس و همکاران (2012) استفاده شد. داده‌های تحقیق با مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری براساس نرم­افزار لیزرل­ تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته ­ها:­ یافته­ها نشان داد که میان عجین‌شدن با شغل و ابعاد تطبیق‌پذیری شغلی یعنی تمرکز، کنترل، کنجکاوی و اعتمادبه‌نفس رابطۀ مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. نتیجه ­گیری: بر اساس نتایج، انطباق ویژگی فردی با خصوصیات شغلی­ موجب بهبود عملکرد کارکنان می­شود و هرچه این انطباق بیشتر باشد، اثربخشی کارکنان در شغل موردنظر بیشتر می‌شود. 2 INTRODUCTION: Today, employees in organizations tend to be more involved in their organization's decision-making and activities. In addition, job engagement brings positive results and make employees more engaged and enjoy being in the organization. Considering the growing importance of human resources as an organization's assets, the researchers decided to conduct a research about the job and factors for motivating employees. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between job engagement and career adaptability dimensions among employees and relief workers in Semnan Red Crescent Society. METHOD: In this applied and descriptive study, 200 employees and relief workers of Semnan Red Crescent Society were surveyed by simple random sampling. In addition, the standard questionnaires of Schaufeli et al. (2006) and Savickas et al. (2012) were used to measure work engagement and career adaptability respectively. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling by Lisrel software. FINDINGS: The results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between engagement with the job and the dimensions of career adaptability such as focus, control, curiosity, and self-confidence. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, matching the individual's characteristics with job characteristics improve employees’ performance. The more career adaptability will increase the effectiveness of employees in the job. 45 57 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/292018/12/13 1397/9/22 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/22019/02/18 1397/11/29 سید مهدی الحسینی المدرسی Seyed Mahdi Alhosseini Almodarresi yazd university ایران Almodarresi@yazd.ac.ir مهشید پورحسین Mahshid Pourhossein yazd university ایران mahshid106@yahoo.com هوشمند باقری قره بلاغ Hooshmand Bagheri Garbollag semnan university ایران h_bagheri@ semnan.ac.ir Job engagement Career adaptability Employees Red Crescent Society عجین‌شدن با شغل تطبیق‌پذیری شغلی کارکنان هلال‌احمر 1. Sundaray, B.K. Employee engagement: A driver of organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Business and Management, 2011; 3(8): 53–59.##2. Monteiro, S., Almeida, L. S. The relation of career adaptability to work experience, extracurricular activities, and work transition in Portuguese graduate students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2015; 91: 106-112.##3. Jiang, Z., Hu, X., & Wang, Z. Career adaptability and plateaus: The moderating effects of tenure and job self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2018; 104: 59-71.##4. Lofquist, L. H., & Dawis, R. V. Research on work adjustment and satisfaction: Implications for career counseling. Handbook of counseling psychology, 1984; 216-237##5. Graziano, W. G., Habashi, M. M., Sheese, B. E., & Tobin, R. M. Agreeableness, empathy, and helping: A person situation perspective. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2007; 93(4): 583##6. Rahimi-Dadkan N, Nastiezaie N. Relationship among Occupational Adjustment, Psychological Empowerment and Job Burnout in Faculty Members. RME. 2017; 8 (4):19-28 (In Persian).##7. Shahrabi L. Exploring the concepts and factors of Dawis & Lofquist job adjustment theory and making a questionnaire between women teachers of Tehran area in 1389-1390 year. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 2012; 4(12): 162- 180. (In Persian)##8. Nota, L., Ginevra, M. C., & Soresi, S. The Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire (CWAQ): a first contribution to its validation. Journal of adolescence, 2012; 35(6): 1557-1569.##9. Heidari H, Khashei V. Analysis of the relationship between job characteristics and job adjustment of alumni. IRPHE. 2016; 22 (1):127-143 (In Persian)##10. Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B. A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behavior. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2008; 19(1): 116-131.##11. Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of management journal, 2010; 53(3): 617-635.##12. Christian, M. S. Garza, A. S. & Slaughter, J. E. Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology. 2011; 64(1): 89–136.##13. Khan, W. A. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal. 1990; 33(4): 692–724.##14. Bakker, A. B. & Demerouti, E. The job demands–resources model: State of the art. Managerial Psychology. 2007; 22(3): 309–328.##15. Schaufeli, W.B. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Organizational Behavior. 2004; 25(3): 293–315.##16. Nelson, D.L. Simmons, B.L. Health Psychology and Work Stress: A more Positive Approach. In J.C. Quick & L. Tetrick (Eds.). Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, 2003; 97-117.##17. Alhosseini Almodarresi M, Firouzkouhi Berenjabadi, M. Analysis of relationship between resilience with dimensions of work engagement. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 2017; 25(83): 1-24. (In Persian).##18. Villavicencio-Ayub, Erika. Jurado-Cárdenas, Samuel. Valencia-Cruz, Alejandra. Work Engagement and occupational burnout: its relation to organizational socialization and psychological resilience. Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 2014; 6(2): 45-55.##19. Perrin, T. Managing global pay and benefits (2005-2006 Worldwide Total Remuneration Survey Report). Stamford, CT: Towers Perrin, 2006.##20. Cort W. Rudolph, Kristi N. Lavigne, Ian M. Katz, Hannes Zacher. Linking dimensions of career adaptability to adaptation results: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2017: 2-73.##21. Savickas, M. L., Porfeli, E. J. The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2012; 80: 744–747##22. Zacher Hannes; Rodolfo A.M. Ambiel; Ana Paula Porto Noronha. Career adaptability and career entrenchment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2015; 88: 164–173##23. Kapel, D. E., Newka, E. American Educator's Encyclopedia, New York. Greeweed Press, 1997.##24. Khoshkhouei M, Ghanbari S, Namdari Pejman M, Hendi S M. The Analysis of Relationship between Job Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment in the staff of Hamadan Red Crescent Society. 2013; 5 (1). (In Persian)##25. Black, J. S., & Stephens, G. K. The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments. Journal of management. 1989; 15(4): 529-544.##26. Hardy H. Jay, Alisha M. Ness., Mecca Jensen. Outside the box: epistemic curiosity as a predictor of creative problem solving and creative performance. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences. 2017; 104: 230-237##27. Baard S.K., Rench T.A., Kozlowski S.W. Performance adaptation: A theoretical integration and review. Journal of Management. 2014; 40 (1): 48-99.##1. Sundaray, B.K. Employee engagement: A driver of organisational effectiveness. European Journal of Business and Management, 2011; 3(8), 53–59.##2. Monteiro, S., & Almeida, L. S. The relation of career adaptability to work experience, extracurricular activities, and work transition in Portuguese graduate students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2015; 91, 106-112.##3. Jiang, Z., Hu, X., & Wang, Z. Career adaptability and plateaus: The moderating effects of tenure and job self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2018; 104, 59-71.##4. Lofquist, L. H., & Dawis, R. V. Research on work adjustment and satisfaction: Implications for career counseling. Handbook of counseling psychology, 1984; 216-237##5. Graziano, W. G., Habashi, M. M., Sheese, B. E., & Tobin, R. M. Agreeableness, empathy, and helping: A person situation perspective. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2007; 93(4), 583##6. Rahimi-Dadkan N, Nastiezaie N. Relationship among Occupational Adjustment, Psychological Empowerment and Job Burnout in Faculty Members. rme. 2017; 8 (4) :19-28 (In Persian).##7. Shahrabi, L. Exploring the concepts and factors of Dawis & Lofquist job adjustment theory and making a questionnaire between women teachers of Tehran area in 1389-1390 year. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling, 2012; Vol. 4, No.12, pp. 162- 180. (In Persian)##8. Nota, L., Ginevra, M. C., & Soresi, S. The Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire (CWAQ): a first contribution to its validation. Journal of adolescence, 2012; 35(6), 1557-1569.##9. Heidari H, Khashei V. Analysis of the relationship between job characteristics and job adjustment of alumni. IRPHE. 2016; 22 (1) :127-143 (In Persian)##10. Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. 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Presenting the combination model of EFQM excellence model, balanced scorecard, and network data envelopment analysis to compile teamwork performance evaluation at Shiraz emergency bases ارائه مدل ترکیبی تعالی سازمان، کارت امتیازی متوازن و تحلیل‌ پوششی ‌داده‌های شبکه‌ای برای تدوین ارزیابی عملکرد کار تیمی در پایگاه‌های اورژانس شیراز 2 1 مقدمه: بخش اورژانس به منزلۀ قلب بیمارستان است و گردش منظم امور در آن می‌تواند جان بسیاری را نجات دهد. کار تیمی در مراقبت‌های سلامتی و بهداشتی ‌راهی برای سازمان‌دهی فعالیت‌هاست که رویکرد گسترده‌ای برای نیازهای سلامتی فراهم ساخته و ظرفیت‌های بالقوه‌ای را برای بهره‌برداری کامل از توانایی‌های منابع انسانی در اختیار می‌گذارد. بررسی کارایی بخش اورژانس و تقسیم افراد به تیم‌های کارا اهمیت زیادی دارد و ابزار و ساختار مدیریتی مناسبی نیاز دارد تا مقیاس‌های کمّی و کیفی را در نظر بگیرد. در این پژوهش با ترکیب سه دیدگاه مدل تعالی سازمان، کارت امتیازی متوازن و تحلیل‌ پوششی ‌داده‌ها، یک مدل ریاضی برای ارزیابی کارایی کار تیمی در پایگاه‌های اورژانس شیراز ارائه شد که شامل مزایا و پوشش معایب هر سه روش می‌شود. روش‌: در مدل پیشنهادی، از توانمندسازی‌ و نتایج مدل تعالی سازمانی در تعیین شاخص‌های ورودی و خروجی و برای تفکیک شاخص‌های کارایی منابع انسانی تیمها از کارت امتیازی متوازن استفاده شد. برای تعیین روابط بین کارت‌های امتیازی متوازن، نخست از روش ارزشیابی آزمایشگاهی آزمون و ارزیابی تصمیم‌گیری (دیمتل) و دستیابی به ساختار شبکه‌ای استفاده شد. درنهایت از مدل تحلیل ‌پوششی‌ داده‌های شبکه‌ای برای ارزیابی عملکرد کار تیمی کارکنان پایگاه‌های اورژانس شیراز و تقسیم پرسنل به تیم‌های مناسب استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش، با ترکیب سه مدل ارزیابی عملکرد تحلیل ‌پوششی ‌داده‌های شبکه‌ای و کارت امتیازی متوازن و مدل تعالی سازمان سعی شد تا شاخص‌های ارزیابی عملکرد پایگاه اورژانس شیراز شناسایی شود. با تلفیق این سه مدل ضمن کاهش معایب، مزایای آنها تقویت و مدلی جامع برای ارزیابی عملکرد این پایگاه ارائه شد نتیجه‌گیری: براساس استانداردها، کارکنان اورژانس بر مبنای میزان کارایی کل در 4 تیم پاسخ‌دهندۀ اولیه، پایه، میانی و ارشد دسته‌بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که از میان 141 پرسنل اورژانس باید 18درصد در گروه پاسخ‌دهندۀ اولیه، 61درصد در گروه پایه، 12درصد در گروه میانی و 9درصد در گروه ارشد قرار گیرند 2 Background: Emergency department is the heart of a hospital and the regular conduct of the affairs can save lives. In addition, teamwork in healthcare is the way of organizing activities that adopts a widespread approach to health needs and provides potential capacities for full utilization of human resource abilities. Therefore, it is important to study the efficiency of the emergency department and dividing people into effective teams; and it needs an appropriate tool and management structure to take quantitative and qualitative scales. In this study, a mathematical model has been presented to assess the effectiveness of teamwork in emergency stations in Shiraz by combining three perspectives of EFQM excellence model, balanced scorecard, and Data Envelopment Analysis that includes the advantages of three models and covers their defects to some extent. Method: In the proposed model, empowerment and results of the EFQM excellence model and balanced scorecard have been used to determine the input and output indices and to distinguish the human resource efficiency indicators of the teams respectively. First, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and access to network structure have been used to determine the relation between the balanced scorecards. Finally, the Network Data Envelopment analysis model has been used to evaluate teamwork performance of bases staff in Shiraz emergency and to classify personnel into appropriate teams. Findings: In this research, three models including Network Data Envelopment analysis, Balanced Scorecard Analysis and EFQM Excellence Model were combined to identify performance assessment indicators of Shiraz emergency bases. Hence, while reducing the disadvantages the models benefits are strengthened, and a comprehensive model for evaluating the performance of this base was presented. Conclusion: According to the emergency standards, the personnel were categorized based on their total efficiency in four teams such as First Responder, Basic, Intermediate and Paramedic. The results presented that of the 141 emergency personnel, 18% should be in First Responder team, 61% in Basic team, 12% in Intermediate and finally 9% in Paramedic team. 58 73 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/292018/12/132018/08/8 1397/5/17 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/22019/02/182019/04/15 1398/1/26 مرتضی شفیعی Morteza Shafiee Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University ایران ma.shafiee277@gmail.com هیلدا صالح Hilda Saleh Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ایران hilda_saleh@yahoo.com سعیده اکبرپور Saeedeh Akbarpour Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. ایران EFQM excellence model balanced scorecard network data envelopment analysis (DEA) performance evaluation teamwork : مدل تعالی سازمان کارت امتیازی متوازن مدل تحلیل‌ پوششی ‌داده‌ها ارزیابی عملکرد کار تیمی Structure, process and performance of the emergency unit of teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2006; 4(4):13-22. . [In Persian]##2. Shaker S. The study of patient & partners’ satisfaction in Rasoul Akram hospital emergency of 1st Congress Improving the Quality of Emergency Management; 2003 Feb 27-28; Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2003; p. 170.##3. Gagnon LL., Roberge GD. Dissecting the journey: Nursing student experiences with collaboration during the group work process, Nurse Education Today, 2012, 32(8): 945-50.##4. Zeltser MV, Nash DB. Approaching the evidence basis for aviation-derived teamwork training in medicine. American Journal of Medical Quality 2010; 25(1):13-23.##5. Baker DP, Day R, Salas E. Teamwork as an essential component of high‐reliability organizations. Health Services Research 2006; 41(4p2):1576-98.##6. O'leary KJ, Sehgal NL, Terrell G, Williams MV. Interdisciplinary teamwork in hospitals: a review and practical recommendations for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; 7(1): 48-54.##7. Hull L, Sevdalis N. Teamwork and safety in surgery. Colombian Journal of Anaesthesiology 2015; 43(1):3-6.##8. Rasmussen TH., Jeppesen HJ; Teamwork and associated psychological factors: A review, Work and Stress, 2006; 20(2): 105-28##9. Ravanipour M., YazdankhahFard MR., Akabarian S., Bahreini M. Teamwork concept in nursing students’ point of view at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Development of Training Jundishapur, Journal of Medical Education Development Center, 2014, 5(3): 267-74.##10. Danna D., Bernard M., Schaubhut R., Mathews P. Experiences of nurse leaders surviving hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2010; 12(1): 9-13.##11. Qatari Rajabzadeh, A., Alizadehsani M. An effective cardimit system model in the banking system (case study of the agricultural bank of JHA), Shahed University Journal of Science and Research, 2009; 16(38). [In Persian]##12. Chang R., Bader G., Team Performance Measurement, Translator Seyed Aminollah Alavi and Roshanak Kambizadeh, Tehran: The Institute for Management and Planning Education and Research, 2002; p.8 [In Persian]##13. Azar A., Safari S. Modeling organizational excellence using conceptual analysis, Journal of Modares University of Humanities, 2003; Vol.8, No.2 [In Persian]##14. Daneshfar M., presentation of combined business excellence model, balanced scorecard and data envelopment analysis for developing the strategy of chemical industries companies using the SWOT matrix, Allameh Tabatabaee University, 2014. [In Persian]##15. Farrell M.J. The measurement of productive efficiency, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A CXX, Part 3, pp. 253-290, 1957.##16. Katzenbach, J.R. & Smith, D. The wisdom of teams. Creating the High-performance organization, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1993##17. Sewell G; A Critical Approach to Management. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall,1999##18. Gelfand M J., Erez M., Ayean z. Cross-cultural organizational behavior, Annual Review of Psychology, 2007; 58 (20), 1-35##19. Devine D J. , Clayton L D., Philips J L., Dunford B., melner S B. Teams in Organizations: Prevalence, Characteristics and Effectiveness. Small Group Research, 1999; 30, 678-711.##20. Gelfand M J., Erez M., Ayean z., Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior, Annual Review of Psychology, 2007; 58 (20), 1-35.##21. Maaber haghi Fard A., Moradi M., Khalilzade M. Nobakht Sahroud Kelayi j. The study of work teams performance in organization and factors affecting on it. Two Human Development Policies, 2008; Vol.5, No.2 [In Persian]##22. Chang, R. The Secret to Teamwork Success, Translator, Alavi S.A & Gharghi M.H, Tehran: Government Education Management Center, 2002. [In Persian]##23. FarahiYazdi, F.Organizational excellence model, a tool for organizational performance measurement, Exploration and Production, 2009; No.26, pp.24-20 [In Persian]##24. Haji Ebrahim Zarger M., Measurement Approach Approach: BSC and EFQM Excellence Model, Third International Management Conference, Tehran: Ariana Research and Industrial Group, 2005. [In Persian]##25. Khadamiye Abasiyeh F, Zemaheni M., khodabakhshi M., Performance Improvement Solutions Based on the EFQM Organizational Excellence Model (Case Study of the Students Welfare Fund of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology), Journal of Operations Research in its Applications, Year Eleventh, 2014, 41: 107-123. [In Persian]##26. Wu H Y., Tzeng G H., Chen Y H. A fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating banking performance based on Balanced Scorecard, Expert Systems with Applications, 2009; 36, pp:10135- 10147##27. Ittner C D., Larcker DF., Meyer M W. Subjectivity & weighting of performance measures: evidence from a balanced scorecard, Accounting Review, 2003; 78(3):725–758##28. Kaplan R S, Norton D P. The strategy-focused organization: how balanced scorecard companies thrive in new business environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 2001.##29. Alvandi M., Fazli S, Yazdania L., Aghaee M. An integrated MCDM method in ranking BSC perspectives and key performance indicators (KPIs), Management Science, 2012; 2(3): 994-1004.##30. Trevithick S., Flabouris A., Tall G V., Webber C. International EMS systems, Australia: New South Wales, 2003.##31. Charnes A., Cooper W.W., Rhodes E.; Measuring the efficiency of decision making units; European journal of operations research, 1978,Vol. 2, pp. 429-444.##32. Ghalayini A.M., Noble, J.S., CroweT.J. An integrated dynamic performance measurement system for improving manufacturing competitiveness. International Journal of Production Economics, 1997; Vol.48, pp.25-207##33. Fazipour Saen R., Memariani A., Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F., Determination of relative efficiency of decision-making units to some extent inconsistent with DEA. Journal of Management Future Studies, 2002; Vol 4, Issue 2. [In Persian]##34. Seiford L. M. J. Profitability & marketability of the top 55 US commercial banks, 2016; Vol 1, No. 1, pp: 51-32 [In Persian]##35. Zare E., Mbeeli T., Shangula K., Mandihate C., Mutirua K., Tjivambi B. Technical efficiency of district hospitals: evidence from Namibia using Data envelopment analysis, Cost Eff Resour Alloc, 2006; 4:5##36. Goncalves AC., Noronha CP., Lins MP., Almedia RM. Data envelopment analysis for evaluating public hospitals in Brazilian state capitals,Rev Saude Publica, 2007; 41(3):427-35.##37. Nayar P, Ozcan YA; Data envelopment analysis comparison of hospital efficiency and quality, J Med Syst, 2008; 32(3): 193-9.##38. Asadi M., Mirghafouri H., Sadeghi Aranni Z., Khosravanian H. evaluation of the performance of governmental hospitals in Yazd using combination of balanced scorecard models and analysis of closure and servocall, Scientific and Research Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 2010;Vol 18, No.6 [In Persian]##39. Shariatmadari Sarkani A., Najafi A., Taghizadeh Harat A. presentation of the road map of adolescence of health centers in Iran based on the model of organizational excellence in the health sector with a methodology for brief description of surveys. Journal of Decision Making and Operations Research, 2016; Vol 1, No. 1, pp. 51-32.##40. Mohammadi Ardakani MA., Mir Ghafori H., Mir Fakhroddini H., Damaki AM., Momeni H. Assessing the relative performance of public hospital in Yazd province using DEA, Journal of Shaeed dadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, 2009.##41. Sajjadi H., Karami M., Torkzadeh L., Karimi S., Bidram R. The performance of health education center and public hospital of Esfahan University of MedicalSciences in 2005-2006 using data envelopment analysis. journal of Healt Management, 2009; 12(36): 39-46.####Structure, process and performance of the emergency unit of teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2006; 4(4):13-22. . [In Persian]##2. Shaker S. The study of patient & partners’ satisfaction in Rasoul Akram hospital emergency of 1st Congress Improving the Quality of Emergency Management; 2003 Feb 27-28; Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2003; p. 170.##3. Gagnon LL., Roberge GD. Dissecting the journey: Nursing student experiences with collaboration during the group work process, Nurse Education Today, 2012, 32(8): 945-50.##4. Zeltser MV, Nash DB. Approaching the evidence basis for aviation-derived teamwork training in medicine. American Journal of Medical Quality 2010; 25(1):13-23.##5. Baker DP, Day R, Salas E. Teamwork as an essential component of high‐reliability organizations. Health Services Research 2006; 41(4p2):1576-98.##6. O'leary KJ, Sehgal NL, Terrell G, Williams MV. Interdisciplinary teamwork in hospitals: a review and practical recommendations for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; 7(1): 48-54.##7. Hull L, Sevdalis N. Teamwork and safety in surgery. Colombian Journal of Anaesthesiology 2015; 43(1):3-6.##8. Rasmussen TH., Jeppesen HJ; Teamwork and associated psychological factors: A review, Work and Stress, 2006; 20(2): 105-28##9. Ravanipour M., YazdankhahFard MR., Akabarian S., Bahreini M. Teamwork concept in nursing students’ point of view at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Development of Training Jundishapur, Journal of Medical Education Development Center, 2014, 5(3): 267-74.##10. Danna D., Bernard M., Schaubhut R., Mathews P. Experiences of nurse leaders surviving hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, Nursing and Health Sciences, 2010; 12(1): 9-13.##11. Qatari Rajabzadeh, A., Alizadehsani M. An effective cardimit system model in the banking system (case study of the agricultural bank of JHA), Shahed University Journal of Science and Research, 2009; 16(38). [In Persian]##12. Chang R., Bader G., Team Performance Measurement, Translator Seyed Aminollah Alavi and Roshanak Kambizadeh, Tehran: The Institute for Management and Planning Education and Research, 2002; p.8 [In Persian]##13. Azar A., Safari S. Modeling organizational excellence using conceptual analysis, Journal of Modares University of Humanities, 2003; Vol.8, No.2 [In Persian]##14. Daneshfar M., presentation of combined business excellence model, balanced scorecard and data envelopment analysis for developing the strategy of chemical industries companies using the SWOT matrix, Allameh Tabatabaee University, 2014. [In Persian]##15. Farrell M.J. The measurement of productive efficiency, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A CXX, Part 3, pp. 253-290, 1957.##16. Katzenbach, J.R. & Smith, D. The wisdom of teams. Creating the High-performance organization, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1993##17. Sewell G; A Critical Approach to Management. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall,1999##18. Gelfand M J., Erez M., Ayean z. Cross-cultural organizational behavior, Annual Review of Psychology, 2007; 58 (20), 1-35##19. Devine D J. , Clayton L D., Philips J L., Dunford B., melner S B. Teams in Organizations: Prevalence, Characteristics and Effectiveness. Small Group Research, 1999; 30, 678-711.##20. Gelfand M J., Erez M., Ayean z., Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior, Annual Review of Psychology, 2007; 58 (20), 1-35.##21. Maaber haghi Fard A., Moradi M., Khalilzade M. Nobakht Sahroud Kelayi j. The study of work teams performance in organization and factors affecting on it. Two Human Development Policies, 2008; Vol.5, No.2 [In Persian]##22. Chang, R. The Secret to Teamwork Success, Translator, Alavi S.A & Gharghi M.H, Tehran: Government Education Management Center, 2002. [In Persian]##23. FarahiYazdi, F.Organizational excellence model, a tool for organizational performance measurement, Exploration and Production, 2009; No.26, pp.24-20 [In Persian]##24. Haji Ebrahim Zarger M., Measurement Approach Approach: BSC and EFQM Excellence Model, Third International Management Conference, Tehran: Ariana Research and Industrial Group, 2005. [In Persian]##25. Khadamiye Abasiyeh F, Zemaheni M., khodabakhshi M., Performance Improvement Solutions Based on the EFQM Organizational Excellence Model (Case Study of the Students Welfare Fund of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology), Journal of Operations Research in its Applications, Year Eleventh, 2014, 41: 107-123. [In Persian]##26. Wu H Y., Tzeng G H., Chen Y H. A fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating banking performance based on Balanced Scorecard, Expert Systems with Applications, 2009; 36, pp:10135- 10147##27. Ittner C D., Larcker DF., Meyer M W. Subjectivity & weighting of performance measures: evidence from a balanced scorecard, Accounting Review, 2003; 78(3):725–758##28. Kaplan R S, Norton D P. The strategy-focused organization: how balanced scorecard companies thrive in new business environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 2001.##29. Alvandi M., Fazli S, Yazdania L., Aghaee M. An integrated MCDM method in ranking BSC perspectives and key performance indicators (KPIs), Management Science, 2012; 2(3): 994-1004.##30. Trevithick S., Flabouris A., Tall G V., Webber C. International EMS systems, Australia: New South Wales, 2003.##31. Charnes A., Cooper W.W., Rhodes E.; Measuring the efficiency of decision making units; European journal of operations research, 1978,Vol. 2, pp. 429-444.##32. Ghalayini A.M., Noble, J.S., CroweT.J. An integrated dynamic performance measurement system for improving manufacturing competitiveness. International Journal of Production Economics, 1997; Vol.48, pp.25-207##33. Fazipour Saen R., Memariani A., Hosseinzadeh Lotfi F., Determination of relative efficiency of decision-making units to some extent inconsistent with DEA. Journal of Management Future Studies, 2002; Vol 4, Issue 2. [In Persian]##34. Seiford L. M. J. Profitability & marketability of the top 55 US commercial banks, 2016; Vol 1, No. 1, pp: 51-32 [In Persian]##35. Zare E., Mbeeli T., Shangula K., Mandihate C., Mutirua K., Tjivambi B. Technical efficiency of district hospitals: evidence from Namibia using Data envelopment analysis, Cost Eff Resour Alloc, 2006; 4:5##36. Goncalves AC., Noronha CP., Lins MP., Almedia RM. Data envelopment analysis for evaluating public hospitals in Brazilian state capitals,Rev Saude Publica, 2007; 41(3):427-35.##37. Nayar P, Ozcan YA; Data envelopment analysis comparison of hospital efficiency and quality, J Med Syst, 2008; 32(3): 193-9.##38. Asadi M., Mirghafouri H., Sadeghi Aranni Z., Khosravanian H. evaluation of the performance of governmental hospitals in Yazd using combination of balanced scorecard models and analysis of closure and servocall, Scientific and Research Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 2010;Vol 18, No.6 [In Persian]##39. Shariatmadari Sarkani A., Najafi A., Taghizadeh Harat A. presentation of the road map of adolescence of health centers in Iran based on the model of organizational excellence in the health sector with a methodology for brief description of surveys. Journal of Decision Making and Operations Research, 2016; Vol 1, No. 1, pp. 51-32.##40. Mohammadi Ardakani MA., Mir Ghafori H., Mir Fakhroddini H., Damaki AM., Momeni H. Assessing the relative performance of public hospital in Yazd province using DEA, Journal of Shaeed dadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, 2009.##41. Sajjadi H., Karami M., Torkzadeh L., Karimi S., Bidram R. The performance of health education center and public hospital of Esfahan University of MedicalSciences in 2005-2006 using data envelopment analysis. journal of Healt Management, 2009; 12(36): 39-46.## ##

Evaluation effect of Muharram mourning ceremony on social resilience against disasters (case study: Beryanak neighborhood, district 10 of Tehran city) نقش مناسک کالبدی ماه محرم در تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در برابر سوانح (مطالعۀ موردی: محلۀ بریانک در منطقۀ 10 تهران) 2 1 مقدمه: واقعۀ عاشورا نماد تاب‌آوری امام‌حسین(ع) و یارانش در مصیبت بزرگ جهان اسلام است. آیین سوگواری حضرت همواره از دیرباز در شهرهای ایران باشکوه برگزار می­شود. به نظر برگزاری این مراسم با تاب­آوری جامعه در برابر سوانح رابطۀ معناداری داشته باشد. لذا، در مقالۀ حاضر به بررسی نقش مناسک آیینی و کالبدی ماه محرم در تاب­آوری اجتماعی در برابر سوانح در محلۀ بریانک منطقۀ 10 تهران پرداخته می‌شود.   روش: در این مقاله به روش توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی تأثیر مراسم سوگواری ماه محرم بر تاب­آوری با تأکید بر ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی و سرزندگی محلۀ بریانک بررسی و تحلیل می‌شود. پس از مرور متون تخصصی، استنتاج شاخص­ها، توزیع پرسشنامه، مشاهدۀ دقیق و برداشت‌های میدانی از محله در محرم 1397 انجام شد. نتایج با روش­های آماری و نرم‌افزار SPSS و Expert Choice تحلیل شدند. همچنین همبستگی بین متغیرهای «مراسم سوگواری ماه محرم» و «تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در برابر سوانح» با استفاده از رگرسیون ارزیابی شد. یافته­ ها: طبق یافته‌ها، برگزاری مراسم سوگواری محرم به‌عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین سرمایه­های اجتماعی در محلات ایران مظهری ذهنی (غیرکالبدی) و عینی (کالبدی) دارد. این مراسم خودجوش، پویا و درون‌زاد باوجودی‌ که با هدف عزاداری برای حضرت برگزارمی­شود به سرزندگی محله می‌انجامد. یافته­ها نشان‌ داد مؤلفه­های «مشارکت»، «ارتباطات»، «امنیت»، «فعالیت­های مذهبی» و «دلبستگی به مکان» که از مهم­ترین شاخص­های تاب­آوری اجتماعی هستند، در محرم نسبت به دیگر ایام سال در محلۀ بریانک بین 10 تا 30درصد افزایش می­یابند. نتیجه­ گیری: طبق نتایج، سوگواری ماه محرم منجر به افزایش تاب­آوری اجتماعی در برابر سوانح می‌شود و اینکه تاب­آوری اجتماعی محلۀ بریانک از منظر سرمایۀ اجتماعی و سرزندگی محله در روزهای عادی 45 درصد است که در ایام محرم تا 60 درصد افزایش می­یابد. به­طورکلی آمادگی مردم این محله 40درصد و آگاهی آن­ها نسبت به سوانح 45درصد ارزیابی می‌شود. مراسم سوگواری محرم دربرگیرندۀ ظرفیت­­هایی مانند مکان­یابی و برپایی تکیه­ها در مقیاس­های مختلف در سطح محله توسط مردم است که این فضاها می‌توانند در زمان بحران به عنوان اسکان موقت استفاده شوند. 2 INTRODUCTION: Ashura has been the symbol of resilience of Imam Hussein and his followers during a great tribulation of the Islamic world. Mourning of Ashura has always been magnificent in the cities of Iran for many years. It seems that the mourning ceremony has a meaningful relationship with the resilience of society against disasters. Therefore, this research aims to study the role of ritual ceremony of Muharram in social resilience against disasters in Beryanak neighborhood, district 10 of Tehran city. METHOD: In this descriptive survey, the effect of Muharram mourning ceremony on resilience studied and analyzed emphasizing on dimensions of social capital and vitality of Beryanak neighborhood. After reviewing literatures, the specialized texts, and deducing the indicators, distribution of questionnaires and field observations of Beryanak neighborhood conducted in Muharram 2018. The results analyzed using statistical methods including SPSS and Expert Choice software. In addition, the correlation between the variables of "Muharram mourning ceremony" and "social resilience against disasters" was evaluated using regression. FINDINGS: The results showed that Muharram mourning ceremony as one of the most important social capital in Iran neighborhoods has a subjective (non-physical) and an objective (physical) aspect. This spontaneous, dynamic, and intrusive ceremony in spite of being mourned for Imam Hussein and his followers, lead to the vitality of neighborhood. The components of participation, communication, security, religious activities and place attachment, which are the most important indicators of social resilience increase from 10 to 30 percent in Muharram compared to other days of the year. CONCLUSION: This article concludes that Muharram mourning ceremony leads to the promotion of resilience to disasters. In other words, the social resilience of Beryanak neighborhood from the point of view social capital and vitality of the neighborhood on ordinary days is about 45%, which is increasing by 60% during Muharram. In general, public awareness and preparedness for disasters in the neighborhood are estimated 40% and 45% respectively. Muharram mourning ceremony includes capacities and potentials such as locating and conducting Tekyeh on different scales at the neighborhood level by people that can be used as temporary housing during the crisis. 74 89 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/292018/12/132018/08/82018/10/3 1397/7/11 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/22019/02/182019/04/152019/04/10 1398/1/21 علیرضا فلاحی Alireza Fallahi دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران alifallahi30@gmail.com مریم منتظریون Maryam Montazeriun دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران maryam.montazeriun@gmail.com فرشته اصلانی Fereshteh Aslani پژوهشگاه بین‌المللی زلزله ایران fereshteh.aslani@gmail.com social capital neighborhood vitality social resilience disasters mourning ceremony of Muharram مناسک آیینی ماه محرم تاب‌آوری اجتماعی سوانح سرمایۀ اجتماعی سرزندگی محله 1. Aslani, F. Amini Hosseini, K. Evaluation of one of the components of social resilience at the neighborhood level by qualitative research method, Abadi, Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, Urban Sustainability, 2018; 26 (79): 50-54##2. Rezaei, M.R., Evaluation of Economic and Institutional Resilience of Urban Communities against disasters, A Case Study of Tehran's Neighborhoods, Journal of Crisis Management, 2011; No.3:3-25.from: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1017518##3. Ellini, M. Social Capital in Islamic teachings, Qom: Book Institute. 2012##4. Debertin. L. David; J. Goetz. Stephan, Social Capital Formation in Rural, Urban and Suburban Communities, Journal of Economic Literature R58 Regional Development Policy, University of Kentucky Staff Paper 474. 2013, from: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/159102/2/s474##5. Brunie, A. Meaningful Distinctions within a Concept: Relational, Collective, and Generalized Social Capital, Social Science Research, 2009; 38(2): 251-65, from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X09000076##6. Khastue, M. Saeedi Rezvani, N. Factors Affecting the Urban Space Flourishing, Creating a Lively Urban Space Based on the Concept of Infantry Shopping Center , City Identity, Spring and Summer, 2010; 4 (6). [in Persian] from:http://www.sid.ir/Fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=112381##7. Madanipour, A. How relevant is planning by neighborhoods today? Town Planning Review, 2001; 72(2): 91-171. from: https://books.google.com/books?id=PSitAgAAQBAJ&pg##8. Kakavand, E. Ahani, S. Zarei, F. Hashempour, R. Comparative assessment of the status of social capital in urban structure using the AHP technique (case study: Qazvin city), Journal of Management Environment, 2015; No. 26, 25-36. [in Persian] from: http://ebtp.malayeriau.ac.ir/article_531356.html##9. Lynch, K. City Theory, Translator Seyyed Hossein Bahreini, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran, 2001, [in Persian]##10. Rezaei, M. Kalhornia, B. Mehrovan, A. Reflection on the place of the ceremony of Ashura Day in Ilam City, with emphasis on the square of 22 Bahman and 5 ways of Jihad, Ilam Culture Quarterly. 2017, [in Persian], from:http://www.farhangeilam.ir/article_61097_4aadc3f87bc987a75ebd7db50fdbe6e4.pdf##11. Amin Bidokhty, A.A. Sharifi, N. Social capital in Nowruz and before, social studies and research in Iran, 2013; 2(4): 647-667. [in Persian] from: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/creator/147234##12. Adger, W. N. Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in human geography, 2000; 24(3): 347-364##13. Sapirstein, G. Social resilience: The forgotten element in disaster risk reduction. Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 2006; 1(1). from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237614807.##14. Cutter L, Susan, Burton G, Christopher, T Emrich, Christopher, Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, US. 2010.##15. Aslani, F. Amini-Hosseini, K. an overview to the concepts, indicators, frames and models of earthquake resilience, Disaster Prevention & Management Knowledge (DPMK), Quarterly, 2018; 8(2): 119-136, [in Persian], from: http://dpmk.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-202-4&sid=1&slc_lang=fa##16. Lucini, B. Disaster Resilience from a sociological perspective exploring, Three Italian Earthquakes as Models for Disaster Resilience Planning, Pub. Springer. 2015; 25 (4) ##17. Maguire, B. Hagan, P. disasters and communities: understanding social resilience, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 2007; 22 (2). https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=839750155412061##18. Ainuddin, S. Routray, J. K. Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2012; 2: 25-36. http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.07.003##19. Cinner, J. Fuentes, M. M. P. B. and Randriamahazo, H. exploring social resilience in Madagascar`s marine protected areas, in: ecology and society 2009;14(1).http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss1/art41/##20. Alalhesabi, M. Paykan, E. Recognition of the effect of Ashura verses on the Iranian city, case study; Lahijan city, Journal of the University of Art, 2015; No.14 [In Persian]##21. Naghizadeh, M. Urban Space analysis and design, Publishing House Jihad University, Tehran, Iran, 2010, [in Persian]##22. Kuhlicke, C.; Steinfuhrer, A.; Begg, C.; Bianchizza, C.; Brundl, M.; Buchecker, M.; De Marchi, B.; Di Masso Tarditti, M.; Hoppner, C.; Komac, B.; Lemkow, L.; Luther, J.; McCarthy, S.; Pellizzoni, L.; Renn, O.; Scolobig, A.; Supramaniam, M.; Tapsell, S.;Wachinger, G.; Walker, G.; Whittle, R.; Zorn, M. & Faulkner, H. perspectives on social capacity building for natural hazards: outlining an emerging field of research and practice in Europe, environmental science and policy 14, 2011:804-814##23. Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., Pfefferbaum, R. L. community resilience as a Metaphor, theory, set of capacities and strategy for disaster readiness, Am J Community Psychol, 2008; 41: 127-150##24. NOAA, Coastal Services Center summary of the NOAA three community resilience salons, Washington D.C. NOAA, coastal services center, 2007##25. Voss, M. the vulnerable can`t speak. An integrative vulnerability approach to disaster and climate change research, in: Behemoth, 2008; 1 (3): 39-56##26. ADPC, CBDRM field practitioners` handbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Thailand, 2004##27. Rezaei, M.R. Rafiean; M. Hosseini, M. Measurement and evaluation of the physical resilience of urban communities against earthquakes (case study: neighborhoods of Tehran); Human Geography Researches, 2015; 47(4): 623-609, [In Persian] from: https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_51228.html##28. Burton, Christopher G. development of metrics for community resilience to natural disasters, PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina, 2012##29. Cutter, S. L, Lindsey Barnes, Melissa Berry, Christopher Burton, Elijah Evans, Eric Tate, and Jennifer Webb. community and regional resilience: perspectives from hazards, disasters and emergency management, Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, Department of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina,2008,http://www.resilientus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/final_cutter_9-25-08_1223482309.pdf##30. Sanders, A. Lim, S. Sohn, W. Resilience to Urban Poverty: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations for population health, American Journal of Public Health, 2008; 98(6): 1101-1106##1. Aslani, F. Amini Hosseini, K. Evaluation of one of the components of social resilience at the neighborhood level by qualitative research method, Abadi, Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, Urban Sustainability, 2018; 26 (79): 50-54##2. Rezaei, M.R., Evaluation of Economic and Institutional Resilience of Urban Communities against disasters, A Case Study of Tehran's Neighborhoods, Journal of Crisis Management, 2011; No.3:3-25.from: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1017518##3. Ellini, M. Social Capital in Islamic teachings, Qom: Book Institute. 2012##4. Debertin. L. David; J. Goetz. Stephan, Social Capital Formation in Rural, Urban and Suburban Communities, Journal of Economic Literature R58 Regional Development Policy, University of Kentucky Staff Paper 474. 2013, from: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/159102/2/s474##5. Brunie, A. Meaningful Distinctions within a Concept: Relational, Collective, and Generalized Social Capital, Social Science Research, 2009; 38(2): 251-65, from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X09000076##6. Khastue, M. Saeedi Rezvani, N. Factors Affecting the Urban Space Flourishing, Creating a Lively Urban Space Based on the Concept of Infantry Shopping Center , City Identity, Spring and Summer, 2010; 4 (6). [in Persian] from:http://www.sid.ir/Fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=112381##7. Madanipour, A. How relevant is planning by neighborhoods today? Town Planning Review, 2001; 72(2): 91-171. from: https://books.google.com/books?id=PSitAgAAQBAJ&pg##8. Kakavand, E. Ahani, S. Zarei, F. Hashempour, R. Comparative assessment of the status of social capital in urban structure using the AHP technique (case study: Qazvin city), Journal of Management Environment, 2015; No. 26, 25-36. [in Persian] from: http://ebtp.malayeriau.ac.ir/article_531356.html##9. Lynch, K. City Theory, Translator Seyyed Hossein Bahreini, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran, 2001, [in Persian]##10. Rezaei, M. Kalhornia, B. Mehrovan, A. Reflection on the place of the ceremony of Ashura Day in Ilam City, with emphasis on the square of 22 Bahman and 5 ways of Jihad, Ilam Culture Quarterly. 2017, [in Persian], from:http://www.farhangeilam.ir/article_61097_4aadc3f87bc987a75ebd7db50fdbe6e4.pdf##11. Amin Bidokhty, A.A. Sharifi, N. Social capital in Nowruz and before, social studies and research in Iran, 2013; 2(4): 647-667. [in Persian] from: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/creator/147234##12. Adger, W. N. Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in human geography, 2000; 24(3): 347-364##13. Sapirstein, G. Social resilience: The forgotten element in disaster risk reduction. Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 2006; 1(1). from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237614807.##14. Cutter L, Susan, Burton G, Christopher, T Emrich, Christopher, Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, US. 2010.##15. Aslani, F. Amini-Hosseini, K. an overview to the concepts, indicators, frames and models of earthquake resilience, Disaster Prevention & Management Knowledge (DPMK), Quarterly, 2018; 8(2): 119-136, [in Persian], from: http://dpmk.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-202-4&sid=1&slc_lang=fa##16. Lucini, B. Disaster Resilience from a sociological perspective exploring, Three Italian Earthquakes as Models for Disaster Resilience Planning, Pub. Springer. 2015; 25 (4) ##17. Maguire, B. Hagan, P. disasters and communities: understanding social resilience, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 2007; 22 (2). https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=839750155412061##18. Ainuddin, S. Routray, J. K. Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2012; 2: 25-36. http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.07.003##19. Cinner, J. Fuentes, M. M. P. B. and Randriamahazo, H. exploring social resilience in Madagascar`s marine protected areas, in: ecology and society 2009;14(1).http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss1/art41/##20. Alalhesabi, M. Paykan, E. Recognition of the effect of Ashura verses on the Iranian city, case study; Lahijan city, Journal of the University of Art, 2015; No.14 [In Persian]##21. Naghizadeh, M. Urban Space analysis and design, Publishing House Jihad University, Tehran, Iran, 2010, [in Persian]##22. Kuhlicke, C.; Steinfuhrer, A.; Begg, C.; Bianchizza, C.; Brundl, M.; Buchecker, M.; De Marchi, B.; Di Masso Tarditti, M.; Hoppner, C.; Komac, B.; Lemkow, L.; Luther, J.; McCarthy, S.; Pellizzoni, L.; Renn, O.; Scolobig, A.; Supramaniam, M.; Tapsell, S.;Wachinger, G.; Walker, G.; Whittle, R.; Zorn, M. & Faulkner, H. perspectives on social capacity building for natural hazards: outlining an emerging field of research and practice in Europe, environmental science and policy 14, 2011:804-814##23. Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., Pfefferbaum, R. L. community resilience as a Metaphor, theory, set of capacities and strategy for disaster readiness, Am J Community Psychol, 2008; 41: 127-150##24. NOAA, Coastal Services Center summary of the NOAA three community resilience salons, Washington D.C. NOAA, coastal services center, 2007##25. Voss, M. the vulnerable can`t speak. An integrative vulnerability approach to disaster and climate change research, in: Behemoth, 2008; 1 (3): 39-56##26. ADPC, CBDRM field practitioners` handbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Thailand, 2004##27. Rezaei, M.R. Rafiean; M. Hosseini, M. Measurement and evaluation of the physical resilience of urban communities against earthquakes (case study: neighborhoods of Tehran); Human Geography Researches, 2015; 47(4): 623-609, [In Persian] from: https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_51228.html##28. Burton, Christopher G. development of metrics for community resilience to natural disasters, PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina, 2012##29. Cutter, S. L, Lindsey Barnes, Melissa Berry, Christopher Burton, Elijah Evans, Eric Tate, and Jennifer Webb. community and regional resilience: perspectives from hazards, disasters and emergency management, Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, Department of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina,2008,http://www.resilientus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/final_cutter_9-25-08_1223482309.pdf##30. Sanders, A. Lim, S. Sohn, W. Resilience to Urban Poverty: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations for population health, American Journal of Public Health, 2008; 98(6): 1101-1106 ##

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on improving post-traumatic stress disorder (case study: people affected by the earthquake, Kermanshah 2017) اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری بر بهبود اختلال استرس پس از سانحه (مطالعۀ موردی: زلزله‌زدگان کرمانشاه آبان 1396) 2 1 مقدمه: اختلال استرس پس از سانحه (PTSD)[1] سندرمی است که پس از مشاهده یا شنیدن یک عامل استرس‌زا و آسیب‌زای شدید رخ می‌دهد و می‌تواند منجر به مرگ شود، اگرچه با روش‌های درمانی می‌توان روند بهبود آن را میسر ساخت. در این خصوص پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری (CBT)[2] بر اختلال استرس پس از سانحه در بین زلزله‌زدگان شهر سرپل ذهاب در استان کرمانشاه در سال 1396 بود.                             روش: از بین افراد یک نفر بر اساس نمونه در دسترس و به‌صورت تصادفی از مراجعان به کمپ امدادی روان‌‌شناسان مستقر در محل، انتخاب و پس از تأیید روان‌پزشکان و با مصاحبه‌های بالینی آزمایش شد. این پژوهش یک مطالعۀ موردی به صورت خط پایه چندگانه است که برای داده‌های به‌دست آمده از تحلیل نموداری و ترسیمی استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که درمان شناختی رفتاری در کاهش اختلالات ناشی از استرس پس از حادثه تأثیر مثبت دارد و بهبودی بیمار به میزان 7/81 درصد به دست آمد که این اثرات در دورۀ پیگیری نیز تا حدود زیادی ماندگاری داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: طبق نتایج، درمان شناختی رفتاری در کاهش و بهبود علایم ناشی از اختلال استرس پس از حادثه مؤثر است.   [1] posttraumatic stress disorder [2] cognitive behavioral therapy 2 Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome that occurs after hearing or observing a severe stressful and damaging factor and can lead to death, although it can be improved with treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on post-traumatic stress disorder among the earthquake-affected people of Sarpol Zahab city, Kermanshah province in 2017. Method: This research is a single-case design with multiple baselines that was used to analyze the data obtained from graphical analysis. After confirmation by psychiatrists and with clinical interviews, one person among the clients to the relief camp of local psychologists was selected based on available samples randomly. Findings: The findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy had a positive effect on reduction of post-traumatic stress disorder and patient's recovery was 81.7% which has somewhat prolonged during follow-up. Conclusion: According to the results, cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing and improving the symptoms of post-traumatic anxiety disorder. 90 100 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/292018/12/132018/08/82018/10/32018/04/18 1397/1/29 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/22019/02/182019/04/152019/04/102019/04/22 1398/2/2 علیرضا مرآتی Alireza Merati Faculty member, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran ایران alirezamerati60@yahoo.com حسنعلی ویسکرمی Hassan Ali Veiskarami دانشگاه لرستان ایران alirezamerati60@yahoo.com دنیا آوند Donya Avand دانشگاه پیام نور ایران alirezamerati@pnu.ac.ir post-traumatic stress cognitive therapy case study earthquake استرس پس از حادثه درمان شناختی مطالعه موردی زلزله‌ 1- Aslani M, Hashemian K, Lotfikashani F, Mirzaee J. The Effectiveness of CBT in Chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2012; Vol1, No.3 [In Persian]##2- Simons M. Meta cognitive Therapy and Other Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Verhaltenstherapie. 2010; 20:000##3- Cahill SP, Foa EB, Hembree EA, Marshall RD, Nacash N. Dissemination of exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J TRAUMA STRESS. 2013; 19(5):597-610.##4- Foa, E. B., Dancu, C. V., Hembree, E., Jaycox, L.H., Meadows, E.A., & Street, G. P. The efficacy of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination in ameliorating PTSD for female victims of assault. 2006##5- Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., Robins, L. N., et al. Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys’ estimates. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004; 59: 115–123##6- Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., Hazen, A. L., et al. Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 1114–1119.##7- Silverman WK, Ortiz CD, Viswesvaran C, Burns BJ, Kolko DJ, Putnam FW, Amaya-Jackson L. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008; 37:156–183##8- Salimi S.H, Rahnejat A, Rabiee M, fathiashtiani A, Dabaghi P, Donyavi V, An analytical review of metacognitive therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: a review of the system. Nursing and Physician Quarterly in Race. 2015; No.25 [In Persian]##9- Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D. A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry.2005##10- Andrews, G., Slade, T. & Peters, L. Classification in psychiatry: ICD–10 versus DSM–IV. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1999; 174: 3–5##11- Bennett SA, Beck JG, Clapp JD. Understanding the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma cognitions: The impact of thought control strategies. BEHAV RES THER. 2009; 47(12):1018-23##12- Yılmaza, A. Esin; ozb, TulinGenc; Wells, Adrian. The temporal precedence of meta cognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life-stress: A prospective study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2011; 25: 389–396.##13- Sohrabi F, Jafarifard S, Zarei S, Eskandari H. Effectiveness of cognitive-based therapy on panic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2013; Year 4, No.4 (Successive 16). [In Persian]##14- Haghshenas H, Ashkani H, Two case reports of psychotherapy, using behavioral methods, Proceedings of the symposium on investigation of neuropsychological, psychological, wartime, collector, Nourbala, Hamid, 1998; pp: 576-578. [In Persian]##15- First MB, Spitzer L, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder, clinical version, patient edition. (SCIDCV). Washington, DC: am psychiatry press; 1996.##16- Noormohammadi F. Ataee F. Post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of Bam earthquake. Journal of Iranian Psychologists. 2009; 6:21: 35-46 [In Persian]##17- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties, J cons clinic psychol. 1998; 56: 893-897.##18- Salavati M. The study of responsibility attitude in-patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder [MA Thesis], Tehran: Psychiatric Institute; 2001: 76-82. [In Persian]##19- Gharaei B. The study of cognitive models in-patient with anxiety and depression MA Thesis, Tehran: Psychiatric Institute; 1990: 165-167. [In Persian]##20- Derogaitis L. Manual of Brief Symptom Inventory, administration, scoring and procedure manual. New York: Willy Press; 2000: 342-370.##21- Treynor W. Rumination reconsidered a psychometric analysis. Cogn Ther Res. 2003; 27; 247-259.##22- Hayes SC, Follette VM, Linehan MM.Mindfulness and acceptance: expanding the cognitive-behavioral. New York: Guilford Press. 2017##23- Shcherer-Dickson. Current developments of Meta cognitive concepts and their clinical implications: Mindfulness-based cognitive Therapy for depression counseling psychology. Gen psychol. 2009; 17: 45-63.##24- Foa EB, Kean TM, Friedman MJ, Eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York, NY: Guilford press; 2004.##25- Mirzaee J, & other. Comparison of Clinical Diagnosis of PTSD Patients and Outpatients with Psychological Tests, Military Medicine Research Journal, 2005; No.3, p.209-201. [In Persian]##26- Rafinia M, The effect of individual counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on the treatment of war-related PTSD patients. MA thesis, Tarbiat Moallem University [In Persian]##27- Yasrebi K. The study of the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral methods on a sample of war-related PTSD patients. Master's Thesis, Tehran Psychiatric Psychology, 2002 [In Persian]##28- Mohamadkhani P, Keit D, Amiri M, Hosseini F. Psychometric properties of the brief syndrome questionnaire in a sample of recovery in depressed patients in Iran. J clin & health psychol. 2009; 50-72 [In Persian] ##29- Wells A, Fisher P, Myers S, Wheatley J, Patel T, Brewin C. Metacognitive therapy in recurrent and persistent depression: A Multiple-Baseline Study of a New Treatment. CognTher Res. 2007; 40: 751-766.##30- Kingston T, Dooley B, Bates A, Lawlor E, Malone K. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for residual depressive symptoms. Psychol & Psychother: Theor, Res & Pract. 2008; 80: 193-203##31- Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Prac. 2003; 10: 125-43##32- Anastasi, A. Psychological testing. New York: Macmillan. 2014##33- Babcock, J. C., Green, C. E., Robie, C. Does batterer's treatment work? A meta analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clin Psychol Rev Jan; 2014; 23 (8):1023-53.33##34- Hou, Y., Hu, P., Zhang, Y., et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2014; 36(1): 47-52.##35- Catherall DR, Ed. Handbook of stress, trauma, and the family. New York, NY: Brunner- Routledge. 2004##36- Kazemi A, Banijamali SH, Ahadi H, Farookhi N. Effectiveness of teaching cognitive-behavioral strategies in reducing symptoms PTSD and psychological problems of wives of veterans with chronic PTSD caused by an educational war. Journal of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 22:2: 122-129. [In Persian]##1- Aslani M, Hashemian K, Lotfikashani F, Mirzaee J. The Effectiveness of CBT in Chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2012; Vol1, No.3 [In Persian]##2- Simons M. Meta cognitive Therapy and Other Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Verhaltenstherapie. 2010; 20:000##3- Cahill SP, Foa EB, Hembree EA, Marshall RD, Nacash N. Dissemination of exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J TRAUMA STRESS. 2013; 19(5):597-610.##4- Foa, E. B., Dancu, C. V., Hembree, E., Jaycox, L.H., Meadows, E.A., & Street, G. P. The efficacy of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination in ameliorating PTSD for female victims of assault. 2006##5- Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., Robins, L. N., et al. Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys’ estimates. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004; 59: 115–123##6- Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., Hazen, A. L., et al. Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 1114–1119.##7- Silverman WK, Ortiz CD, Viswesvaran C, Burns BJ, Kolko DJ, Putnam FW, Amaya-Jackson L. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008; 37:156–183##8- Salimi S.H, Rahnejat A, Rabiee M, fathiashtiani A, Dabaghi P, Donyavi V, An analytical review of metacognitive therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: a review of the system. Nursing and Physician Quarterly in Race. 2015; No.25 [In Persian]##9- Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D. A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry.2005##10- Andrews, G., Slade, T. & Peters, L. Classification in psychiatry: ICD–10 versus DSM–IV. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1999; 174: 3–5##11- Bennett SA, Beck JG, Clapp JD. Understanding the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma cognitions: The impact of thought control strategies. BEHAV RES THER. 2009; 47(12):1018-23##12- Yılmaza, A. Esin; ozb, TulinGenc; Wells, Adrian. The temporal precedence of meta cognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life-stress: A prospective study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2011; 25: 389–396.##13- Sohrabi F, Jafarifard S, Zarei S, Eskandari H. Effectiveness of cognitive-based therapy on panic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2013; Year 4, No.4 (Successive 16). [In Persian]##14- Haghshenas H, Ashkani H, Two case reports of psychotherapy, using behavioral methods, Proceedings of the symposium on investigation of neuropsychological, psychological, wartime, collector, Nourbala, Hamid, 1998; pp: 576-578. [In Persian]##15- First MB, Spitzer L, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder, clinical version, patient edition. (SCIDCV). Washington, DC: am psychiatry press; 1996.##16- Noormohammadi F. Ataee F. Post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of Bam earthquake. Journal of Iranian Psychologists. 2009; 6:21: 35-46 [In Persian]##17- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties, J cons clinic psychol. 1998; 56: 893-897.##18- Salavati M. The study of responsibility attitude in-patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder [MA Thesis], Tehran: Psychiatric Institute; 2001: 76-82. [In Persian]##19- Gharaei B. The study of cognitive models in-patient with anxiety and depression MA Thesis, Tehran: Psychiatric Institute; 1990: 165-167. [In Persian]##20- Derogaitis L. Manual of Brief Symptom Inventory, administration, scoring and procedure manual. New York: Willy Press; 2000: 342-370.##21- Treynor W. Rumination reconsidered a psychometric analysis. Cogn Ther Res. 2003; 27; 247-259.##22- Hayes SC, Follette VM, Linehan MM.Mindfulness and acceptance: expanding the cognitive-behavioral. New York: Guilford Press. 2017##23- Shcherer-Dickson. Current developments of Meta cognitive concepts and their clinical implications: Mindfulness-based cognitive Therapy for depression counseling psychology. Gen psychol. 2009; 17: 45-63.##24- Foa EB, Kean TM, Friedman MJ, Eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York, NY: Guilford press; 2004.##25- Mirzaee J, & other. Comparison of Clinical Diagnosis of PTSD Patients and Outpatients with Psychological Tests, Military Medicine Research Journal, 2005; No.3, p.209-201. [In Persian]##26- Rafinia M, The effect of individual counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on the treatment of war-related PTSD patients. MA thesis, Tarbiat Moallem University [In Persian]##27- Yasrebi K. The study of the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral methods on a sample of war-related PTSD patients. Master's Thesis, Tehran Psychiatric Psychology, 2002 [In Persian]##28- Mohamadkhani P, Keit D, Amiri M, Hosseini F. Psychometric properties of the brief syndrome questionnaire in a sample of recovery in depressed patients in Iran. J clin & health psychol. 2009; 50-72 [In Persian] ##29- Wells A, Fisher P, Myers S, Wheatley J, Patel T, Brewin C. Metacognitive therapy in recurrent and persistent depression: A Multiple-Baseline Study of a New Treatment. CognTher Res. 2007; 40: 751-766.##30- Kingston T, Dooley B, Bates A, Lawlor E, Malone K. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for residual depressive symptoms. Psychol & Psychother: Theor, Res & Pract. 2008; 80: 193-203##31- Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Prac. 2003; 10: 125-43##32- Anastasi, A. Psychological testing. New York: Macmillan. 2014##33- Babcock, J. C., Green, C. E., Robie, C. Does batterer's treatment work? A meta analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clin Psychol Rev Jan; 2014; 23 (8):1023-53.33##34- Hou, Y., Hu, P., Zhang, Y., et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2014; 36(1): 47-52.##35- Catherall DR, Ed. Handbook of stress, trauma, and the family. New York, NY: Brunner- Routledge. 2004##36- Kazemi A, Banijamali SH, Ahadi H, Farookhi N. Effectiveness of teaching cognitive-behavioral strategies in reducing symptoms PTSD and psychological problems of wives of veterans with chronic PTSD caused by an educational war. Journal of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 22:2: 122-129. [In Persian] ##

Investigating the impact of freedom-thinking leadership on crisis management with emphasis on staff training and improvement (case study: Red Crescent Society of West Azarbaijan province) بررسی تأثیر رهبری آزادمنشانه بر مدیریت بحران با تأکید بر آموزش و بهسازی کارکنان (مطالعۀ موردی: جمعیت هلال‌احمر استان آذربایجان غربی) 2 1 مقدمه: هر بحرانی به مدیریت و رهبری نیاز دارد و یکی از انواع سبک‌های رهبری، رهبری آزادمنشانه است که تلاش می‌کند تا با ظهور هم‌زمان، رشد تخصصی کارکنان و بهبود کاری را افزایش داده و از طریق ترکیب گروه‌های کاری و اجتماعی، مشارکت و تصمیم‌گیری و رفتار اخلاقی و دلسوزانه به توسعۀ سازمان کمک کند. یکی از این مؤلفه‌ها، آموزش و بهسازی است. آموزش بر تعالی تمرکز دارد و با دانش، مهارت‌ها و نگرشی ارتباط دارد که افراد به آن نیاز دارند تا شغل فعلی خود را به شیوۀ معمول و با سطح مسئولیت‌های موجود انجام دهند. در این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر رهبری آزادمنشانه بر مدیریت بحران با تأکید بر آموزش و بهسازی کارکنان در شعب جمعیت هلال‌احمر استان آذربایجان غربی بررسی می‌شود. روش‌: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی- کاربردی و جامعۀ آماری نیز تمامی کارکنان شعب جمعیت هلال‌احمر استان آذربایجان غربی (262 نفر) می‌باشند که از این تعداد 159 نفر طبق فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از سه پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساخته رهبری آزادمنشانه، آموزش و بهسازی کارکنان و مدیریت بحران استفاده شد. برای تعیین روایی و اعتبار پرسشنامه از روایی سازه‌ای و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. داده‌ها، با بهره‌گیری از شیوه‌های آمار توصیفی از قبیل فراوانی، فراوانی تجمعی و نسبی و میانگین اطلاعات تحلیل شدند. در بخش آمار استنباطی نیز از آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند متغیرۀ مانوا و ضریب همبستگی رگرسیون گام به گام استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: براساس یافته‌ها، روابط بین متغیرهایی چون تفکر سیستمی، دستیابی به اهداف، کمک به افراد و تیم‌ها، نمونه‌ای برای دیگران، آزادی بخشیدن، تشویق و حمایت‌ها، روابط بر پایه اعتماد و مدیریت بحران با آموزش و بهسازی کارکنان معنا‌دارست. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، بین مؤلفه‌های رهبری آزادمنشانه، آزادی بخشیدن بیشترین تأثیر را بر مدیریت بحران با تأکید بر آموزش و بهسازی کارکنان دارد. در ادامه، مؤلفه‌های نمونه‌ای برای دیگران، دستیابی به اهداف، روابط بر پایه اعتماد و کمک به افراد و تیم‌ها به ترتیب بیشترین مقدار بتا و بیشترین تأثیر را بر مدیریت بحران دارند.  2 Introduction: Every crisis requires leadership. One type of leadership is freedom-thinking leadership. Which is an approach of leadership that strives simultaneously enhance the professional development of employees, and increase job improvement and help organization development by combining working groups and social groups, participation, decision-making and moral and compassionate behavior. In other words, a freedom-thinking leader is who has the ability and guidance to achieve organizational goals. One of the leadership components is education and improvement. Education focuses on excellence and is related to the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed by individuals to carry out their current job in a routine manner with existing responsibilities. Therefore, in this research, the effect of freedom-thinking leadership on crisis management was studied with an emphasis on training and improving staff in the branches of Red Crescent Society of West Azarbaijan. Method: In this descriptive-applied study, all employees of Red Crescent Society branches of West Azarbaijan province were studied (262 people). Of these, 159 people were selected according to Cochran's formula. In the next step, data collected through three questionnaires including a researcher-made freedom-thinking leadership, staff training and improvement and crisis management. Structural validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to determine the reliability and validity of questionnaires. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics methods such as abundance, cumulative and relative frequency, and mean. Different methods and techniques of MANOVA and stepwise regression correlation coefficient were used in the inferential statistics section. Findings: The results showed that relationships between variables such as system thinking, achievement of goals, helping individuals and teams, an being example for others, dive freedom, encouragement and support, trust-based relationships, and crisis management are significant  and meaningful with the training and improvement of employees. Conclusion: The results showed that among the components of freedom-thinking leadership, giving freedom has the greatest impact on crisis management emphasizing staff training and improvement. In addition, other components such as being an example for others, achievement of objectives, trust-based relationships and helping people and teams have the highest beta and most impact on crisis management respectively. 101 114 2018/03/302017/06/192019/01/292018/12/132018/08/82018/10/32018/04/182018/07/30 1397/5/8 2019/02/192019/02/252019/03/22019/02/182019/04/152019/04/102019/04/222019/02/10 1397/11/21 کمال آفانی Kamal Afani Assistant Professor, PhD in Educational Management, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Iran ایران afani@gmail.com پرشنگ خلکانی Parshang Khalkani دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد ایران freedom-thinking leadership crisis management education improvement رهبری آزامنشانه مدیریت بحران آموزش و بهسازی 1. Richard, L. Robert, C. et al. Leadership. Translated by Gholamzade. Terme publishing house. Tehran. 2011. p.11##2. Moghimi, M. Organizational management research approach. Terme Publishing house. Tehran. 2005; p. 278 [In Persian]##3. Abdollahi B. , AS. Empowerment of the key personnel of human resource management, Tehran. 2006 [In Persian]##4. Hosseini, M. Crisis management, Tehran, Nashr Shah, Institute of Publications, First Edition, 2008 [In Persian]##5. Ahmadi, M. Fundamentals of organization and management. Publishing Editors. Tehran. 2002##6. Saatchi, M. Work psychology. publishing editors. Tehran. 2009; p. 158 [In Persian]##7. Fathi Vajargah, K. In Service Education Planning. SAMT publishing house. tehran. 2014; p. 1[In Persian]##8. Zarei A. The relationship between stress of managers and organizational health in high schools of Isfahan, MA Degree, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, 2009 [In Persian]##9. Burke, R. Barron, S. project Management Leadership Building Creative Teams, Johnwiley & Sons, United Kindgdom, 2014; p. 43##10. Khafri, M. Guide for managers higher education. Pablishing Metacognition of Thought. 2009; pp. 48##11. Hicks, Herbert G & C. Ray Gullet. Organization and management theories, Vol. II: Elements and Processes (Old Guelle Translation). Tehran: Publishing Duran. 1997##12. Valadbeighi B & Poorheidari Gh. Coping and reconstruction in crisis, Tehran, Iran Helal Institute of Applied Science & Technology Publishing, First Edition, 2010 [In Persian]##13. Hosseini, MA. The role of training in crisis management. Comprehensive lectures, scientific workshops, and workshops: Third International Congress on Health, Treatment, and Disaster Management in Disaster. Tehran: Halkan Institute of Applied Higher Education. 2006 [In Persian]##14. Shaun, T. Jackson,T. The Essence Of Organization Behavior, Prentice hall. 1992. p. 54##15. Gholipour. A. Human Resource Management: Concept, Theories, and Applications. Samt publishing. Tehran [In Persian]##16. Zarei Matin, H. Advanced organizational Management. Eagh publishing. Tehran. 2014. p. 431[In Persian]##17. Dolan, D. Schuler, R, Personnel Human Resource Management. Saebe Translation, publishing Governmental Studies Department. 2013; p. 260##1. Richard, L. Robert, C. et al. Leadership. Translated by Gholamzade. Terme publishing house. Tehran. 2011. p.11##2. Moghimi, M. Organizational management research approach. Terme Publishing house. Tehran. 2005; p. 278 [In Persian]##3. Abdollahi B. , AS. Empowerment of the key personnel of human resource management, Tehran. 2006 [In Persian]##4. Hosseini, M. Crisis management, Tehran, Nashr Shah, Institute of Publications, First Edition, 2008 [In Persian]##5. Ahmadi, M. Fundamentals of organization and management. Publishing Editors. Tehran. 2002##6. Saatchi, M. Work psychology. publishing editors. Tehran. 2009; p. 158 [In Persian]##7. Fathi Vajargah, K. In Service Education Planning. SAMT publishing house. tehran. 2014; p. 1[In Persian]##8. Zarei A. The relationship between stress of managers and organizational health in high schools of Isfahan, MA Degree, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, 2009 [In Persian]##9. Burke, R. Barron, S. project Management Leadership Building Creative Teams, Johnwiley & Sons, United Kindgdom, 2014; p. 43##10. Khafri, M. Guide for managers higher education. Pablishing Metacognition of Thought. 2009; pp. 48##11. Hicks, Herbert G & C. Ray Gullet. Organization and management theories, Vol. II: Elements and Processes (Old Guelle Translation). Tehran: Publishing Duran. 1997##12. Valadbeighi B & Poorheidari Gh. Coping and reconstruction in crisis, Tehran, Iran Helal Institute of Applied Science & Technology Publishing, First Edition, 2010 [In Persian]##13. Hosseini, MA. The role of training in crisis management. Comprehensive lectures, scientific workshops, and workshops: Third International Congress on Health, Treatment, and Disaster Management in Disaster. Tehran: Halkan Institute of Applied Higher Education. 2006 [In Persian]##14. Shaun, T. Jackson,T. The Essence Of Organization Behavior, Prentice hall. 1992. p. 54##15. Gholipour. A. Human Resource Management: Concept, Theories, and Applications. Samt publishing. Tehran [In Persian]##16. Zarei Matin, H. Advanced organizational Management. Eagh publishing. Tehran. 2014. p. 431[In Persian]##17. Dolan, D. Schuler, R, Personnel Human Resource Management. Saebe Translation, publishing Governmental Studies Department. 2013; p. 260 ##