Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 Soft Skills: Important People-Centered Resilience Tools 1 2 EN Anahita Pourmohamad MA in Clinical Psychology, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Tehran, Iran Y 0000-0003-0642-179X 10.66224/jorar.18.1.1 Letter to Editor Resilience, Soft Skills, Crisis Management, Psychological Factors, People-Centered Approaches. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1075-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1075-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 Cluster Analysis of Iranian Provinces Based on Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Aid Workers of the Red Crescent Society 3 7 EN Batoul Khoundabi Iran Helal Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Tehran, Iran baharkhoundabi@gmail.com Y 0000-0001-8558-4735 Babak Mahmoudi Iran Helal Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Tehran, Iran N Mojtaba Emamian Deputy Director of Planning, Empowerment and Skill Development, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Teharn, Iran N Mehdi Khalafi Expert in Capacity Building, Monitoring, and Evaluation Design, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Teharn, Iran N Siyavash Gholami Deputy General Manager of Empowerment and Skill Development, Iranian Red Crescent Society, Teharn, Iran N 10.66224/jorar.18.1.3 INTRODUCTION: Islamic work ethics constitute a fundamental component of organizational culture within relief organizations. Higher levels of work ethics appear to promote both organizational commitment and job satisfaction among aid workers. Examining inter-provincial variations in these indicators may provide strategic insights for human resource policymaking and performance enhancement within the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among aid workers of the IRCS across all provinces of Iran in 2024. Islamic work ethics, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction were assessed using validated and widely applied standardized questionnaires including: Golparvar and Nadi Islamic work ethics (2011), Allen and Meyer organizational commitment (1993), and Brayfield and Rothe job satisfaction (1951). K-means clustering was employed to identify distinct provincial groupings based on aggregated mean scores for each indicator at the provincial level. The optimal number was determined through iterative model testing and evaluation of clustering stability.   FINDINGS: The findings indicated that among the 3,399 respondents, 2,221 (65.3%) were male and 1,178 (34.7%) were female, with a mean age of 36.9 years. The mean scores for Islamic work ethics, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction were 4.23 ± 0.42, 3.54 ± 0.40, and 3.82 ± 0.40, respectively. Based on the inflection point of the elbow plot and the K-means clustering results such as Purity index equals to 0.73, a three-cluster solution was identified as the most appropriate classification. Cluster 1 comprised 12 provinces with moderate levels across all three indicators. Cluster 2 included 9 provinces and demonstrated the highest overall scores, whereas Cluster 3 consisted of 8 provinces and exhibited the lowest levels across all indicators. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the three clusters were labeled as Moderate (Cluster 1), High (Cluster 2), and Developing (Cluster 3) to reflect their relative performance across the three indicators. The hypothesis is that provinces located in the high cluster have more effective management and more supportive work environments. In contrast, provinces located in the developing cluster need targeted interventions to strengthen employee engagement and improve organizational outcomes. Clustering, Aid worker, Islamic work ethics, Organizational commitment, Job satisfaction. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1069-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1069-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 Hazard Assessment and Zonation of Visitor Risk at Geosites: A Case Study of the Mayan Basin, Binalood Mountain Range, Iran 8 18 EN Sajad Farjadinia Professor of geomorphology, Department of Physical Geography, Earth Science Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran s_farjadinia@sbu.ac.ir N 0009-0004-6655-6770 Manijeh Ghahroudi Tali Professor of geomorphology, Department of Physical Geography, Earth Science Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran m-ghahroudi@sbu.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-8817-9329 10.66224/jorar.18.1.8 INTRODUCTION: The rapid growth of geotourism and the increasing number of visitors to geosites have made visitor safety a critical challenge in geotourism destination management. In many mountainous regions, insufficient spatial hazard assessment and the lack of strategically planned rescue infrastructure can lead to severe consequences for tourists. Accordingly, this study aims to assess and map visitor hazard at geosites and to identify optimal locations for rescue stations in the Mayan Basin of the Binalood Mountain Range. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive–analytical approach by integrating fuzzy logic, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and GIS-based spatial analysis. Geomorphological, topographic, accessibility, land-use, and environmental parameters were collected and fuzzified within a GIS environment. The resulting fuzzy layers were subsequently input into a single-layer neural network model to determine the relative weights of the criteria. Based on the weighted integration of these factors, a continuous hazard index, a hazard zoning map, and an optimal spatial allocation of rescue stations were generated. FINDINGS: The hazard zoning results indicated that the largest portion of the study area falls within the moderate hazard class, while all 12 selected geosites are located in moderate to very high hazard classes. This pattern reflects the simultaneous occurrence of high geotourism value and potentially hazardous geomorphological conditions. The hazard zoning results indicate that a large proportion of the study area falls within the moderate hazard class, while all twelve identified geosites are located within moderate to very high hazard zones. This distribution highlights the coexistence of high geotourism potential and hazardous geomorphological conditions. Furthermore, the spatial allocation analysis reveals that the proposed rescue stations are primarily situated in moderate hazard zones adjacent to high-risk areas, allowing effective coverage of vulnerable geosites. CONCLUSION: According to the results, The results underscore the importance of integrating hazard assessment with spatial planning in geotourism management. The proposed framework offers an effective tool for enhancing visitor safety, mitigating natural hazard risks, and supporting the sustainable development of geotourism in mountainous regions. Geosite, Hazard zonation, Artificial Neural Network, GIS, Mayan Basin http://jorar.ir/article-1-1062-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1062-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 Designing a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Traceability and Logistics Management Model Based on the Performance of a Resilient Green Hospital under Crisis Conditions in Greater Tehran 19 25 EN Alireza Ebrahimi Department of Human Resources Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran EALIREZA1405@GMAIL.COM Y 0000-0002-8453-2172 10.66224/jorar.18.1.19 INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to develop a model for pharmaceutical supply chain traceability and green logistics management based on the performance of resilient green hospitals under crisis conditions in Greater Tehran. METHODS: This applied study employed an exploratory–analytical research design. Given the indefinite size of the target population, the sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula for an unlimited population. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, including the Green Logistics Management Questionnaire (Baah et al., 2019), the Supply Chain Traceability Questionnaire (Cousins et al., 2019), the Circular Economy Practices Questionnaire (Zeng et al., 2017), and the Sustainability Performance Questionnaire (Agyabeng-Mensah et al., 2020). The data were coded and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. FINDINGS: The findings indicated that supply chain traceability has a positive and statistically significant effect on green hospital practices. Furthermore, green hospital practices significantly influence resilient performance and play a mediating role in the relationships examined. However, the direct effect of green logistics management on resilient performance was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that enhancing supply chain traceability and strengthening green hospital practices can improve the resilience and sustainability performance of hospitals under crisis conditions. The role of green logistics management appears to be indirect, primarily through its influence on green practices. Green logistics management, Performance, Sustainability, Pharmaceutical supply chain traceability, Resilient green hospital, Resilient performance. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1054-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1054-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 Designing a Neuroscience-Based Curriculum Model: Enhancing Cognitive–Emotional Performance of Aid Workers 26 37 EN Tayebeh Tajari Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran Ati.tajari@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-7178-4717 Mahdi Ghoraba Student of MA in Farhangian University, Gorgan, Iran mahdighoraba.research@gmail.com N 10.66224/jorar.18.1.26 INTRODUCTION: This study aims to identify and develop the key elements and components of a neuroscience-based curriculum model designed to enhance the cognitive–emotional performance of aid workers. From scholarly perspectives, a curriculum encompasses multiple interrelated elements, including objectives, content, teaching–learning strategies, resources, time, learning environment, and evaluation. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using systematic coding procedures. As a result, seven core elements of a neuroscience-based curriculum model were identified: objectives, content, teaching–learning strategies, materials and resources, teaching–learning opportunities, learning environment conditions, and evaluation. FINDINGS: The findings indicate that these elements provide a coherent and practical framework for curriculum design and implementation. The model contributes to enhancing the cognitive and emotional performance of aid workers in both educational settings and crisis situations. To ensure trustworthiness, continuous validation was carried out throughout the coding process, with iterative reviews of data and coding stages to maintain accuracy and consistency. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that incorporating the identified elements into a neuroscience-based curriculum model can improve the quality and effectiveness of training programs, better address the needs of aid workers, and strengthen their preparedness for critical situations. By offering a scientifically grounded and practically applicable framework, the model enhances both cognitive and emotional capacities essential for effective performance in high-stress environments. Curriculum, Neuroscience, Cognitive performance, Emotional performance, Aid Workers, Grounded Theory. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1065-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1065-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 The Role of the Iranian Red Crescent Society in Shelter Management and Psychosocial Support for Disaster-Affected Individuals: Evidence from Kermanshah, Sistan and Baluchistan, Khuzestan, Golestan, and Lorestan Provinces 38 44 EN Hojatollah Khalili Dehkalbali BSc in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran h00798469@gmail.com Y 0009-0008-1848-6711 Javad Khalili BA in Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran N Majid Nemati BA in Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran N Azar Abedini NajafAbadi N Morteza Sharifi Varposhti BA in Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran N 0009-0006-7025-5772 10.66224/jorar.18.1.38 INTRODUCTION:This study aimed to investigate the role of the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) in shelter management and the provision of psychosocial support to survivors of natural disasters, including the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake (Kermanshah province) and the floods occurring between 2019 and 2022 in Sistan and Baluchistan, Khuzestan, Golestan, and Lorestan provinces. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design and was conducted among 80 disaster survivors supported by the IRCS in Kermanshah, Sistan and Baluchistan, Khuzestan, Golestan, and Lorestan provinces. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received psychosocial interventions, including psychological first aid training, stress management skills, relaxation techniques, and resilience-building activities, while the control group did not receive any structured intervention during the study period. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and a researcher-developed questionnaire on shelter management and psychosocial support. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). FINDINGS: The findings indicated that IRCS psychosocial interventions significantly improved mental health, increased resilience, and enhanced shelter management capacity among participants. Provincial analysis showed that the intervention had the greatest effect in Kermanshah province, particularly in reducing anxiety among children and families. In Sistan and Baluchistan and Khuzestan provinces, a significant improvement in adult resilience was observed. However, the effect of the intervention on psychosocial outcomes among children under 15 years of age was smaller and not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that psychosocial interventions and structured shelter management by the IRCS can reduce psychological distress and improve resilience and coping capacity among disaster survivors and also highlight the importance of integrating psychosocial support with operational disaster response services. Continuous provision of psychosocial services is recommended as a key strategy for improving long-term recovery outcomes and strengthening community resilience in disaster settings. Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS), Shelter management, Psychosocial support, Resilience, Natural disasters. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1049-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1049-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 The Role of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Facilitating Humanitarian Access during Disasters 45 56 EN Nasrin Puladi Professor of International Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran nasrin.puladi@gmail.com N Amirsaed Vakil Professor of International Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Y 0000-0003-4557-1600 10.66224/jorar.18.1.45 INTRODUCTION: Access to humanitarian assistance is a fundamental right during disasters and emergencies. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) plays a pivotal role in ensuring this access through both legal frameworks and operational mechanisms. This study examines how the IFRC bridges the gap between international humanitarian norms and field-level implementation to facilitate effective disaster response. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study employed content and document analysis. Data were synthesized from international legal instruments, IFRC policy documents, operational reports (2019–2024), and UN resolutions. FINDINGS: The IFRC employs a dual-pronged integrated strategy grounded in institutional legal theory and crisis management frameworks. First, regarding normative development, the IFRC has been instrumental in advancing the International Disaster Response Law (IDRL) guidelines, influencing the International Law Commission's (ILC) Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters (2016), and advocating for their evolution into a binding treaty by 2027. Second, in terms of operational implementation, the IFRC has developed innovative solutions for complex crises, including armed conflicts (Ukraine, 2022–2023), governance crises (Haiti, 2022), and sanctions-affected contexts (Afghanistan, 2021–2024). Comparative analysis highlights the IFRC's distinctive strengths relative to other humanitarian organizations while identifying persistent implementation challenges. CONCLUSION: The IFRC has established a comprehensive legal-operational framework that strengthens humanitarian access at normative, institutional, and operational levels. However, sustained effectiveness necessitates continued political commitment from states, enhanced accountability mechanisms, and predictable funding. The ongoing development of a binding treaty on disaster protection presents a critical opportunity to institutionalize these frameworks globally. For National Societies—particularly those operating in complex political and sanctions-affected environments—this framework provides essential guidance for ensuring humanitarian access while adhering to both international obligations and national legal frameworks. IFRC, Humanitarian access, Human rights, International Disaster Response Law (IDRL), Disaster relief, Legal-operational framework, Early action. http://jorar.ir/article-1-1056-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1056-en.pdf

Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief 2008-4544 2008-529x 18 1 2026 1 1 The Role of Militaries in Natural Disaster Management: A Systematic Review 57 69 EN Ahmad Soltani 1.Iran-Helal Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, IRCS. 2.Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. soltani.amd@gmail.com N 0000-0003-2789-7682 Asghar Asgharzadeh Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, AJA Command and staff University. a.asgharzadeh@casu.ac.ir N 0000-0001-5064-200X Arman Omidian Researcher, post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation research group, Natural Disasters Research Institute (NDRI) omidian@ndri.ac.ir Y 0009-0003-2990-0723 10.66224/jorar.18.1.57 INTRODUCTION: Large-scale natural disasters, particularly in the first hours and days, place severe pressure on civilian response capacities, and in many countries, militaries act as complementary and enabling actors. This study aimed to systematically examine the roles, capacities, outcomes, and challenges of military involvement in the natural disaster crisis management cycle. METHODS: This study was conducted as a systematic review by searching scientific databases including ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as SID, Noormags, and Magiran, from October 1950 to May 2025. Articles were selected based on predefined search strategies and inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening and quality assessment, 22 eligible articles were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. FINDINGS: The review identified 12 empirical and 10 conceptual–policy articles. Most of the evidence focused on the response phase, and only a limited number of studies addressed preparedness and recovery. No role was reported for the risk reduction phase. The most frequently reported military roles included medical and health services, logistics, search and rescue, and evacuation and transport. The key military capabilities identified included logistics, emergency medical capacity, rapid deployment, and airlift. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in natural disasters, militaries can play a key but temporary and complementary role in health-based and logistical responses and are mainly involved in the response phase. The effectiveness of this involvement depends on clearly defined roles, strengthened civil–military coordination, doctrine development, and investment in specialized training. Army, Military, Crisis management, Natural disasters http://jorar.ir/article-1-1059-en.html http://jorar.ir/article-1-1059-en.pdf