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Sajad Ganjehi, Babak Omidvar, Khadijeh Norouzi Khatiri , Bahram Malekmohammadi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Earthquakes severely threaten urban environments, especially Tehran, and cause widespread damage and can result in many casualties and extensive damage. The first need of earthquake affected people is to save and receive rescue and relief services in the shortest possible time. In order to accelerate and speed up relief, the most optimal path in terms of safety should be taken into consideration. Therefore, in the phase before the occurrence of an earthquake, in the investigation of the safety of the road network and the determination of the most optimal route, it is necessary to consider a set of parameters considering the importance of each of them. According to this issue, in this research, the approach of multi-factor analysis in order to determine and evaluate the effective safety parameters in choosing the optimal relief routes in the city after the earthquake has been paid attention, and as a pilot study, it has been implemented in the 13 Aban neighborhood of Tehran.
METHODS: At the present study, which is an example of a case-based method, it has been determined the effective parameters in the safety of the road network and the analysis of the relationship between them and the effect of each of the parameters in choosing the most optimal safe route for the 13 neighborhood of Aban, the 20th district of Tehran municipality. For this purpose, the hierarchical process analysis model has been used as the main model, as well as the capabilities and analysis techniques of GIS software, such as overlaying information layers.
FINDINGS: Some parameters including hazardous uses, transportation buildings parameters of uses (such as fuel stations, chemical storage centers, etc.), transportation structures (such as bridges and tunnels), vulnerability and heavy damage to buildings, and population density in determining the optimal safe rescue route The main influencing parameters, each of which has a different degree of importance; So that the vulnerability of buildings adjacent to the network is the highest with 38% and the population density with 15% has the lowest coefficient of importance. In addition, the influence of factors such as the slope of roads, the distance from faults and canals cannot be ignored.
CONCLUSION: This research showed that until now, the determination and optimization of relief routes has not been given due attention. By determining and optimizing rescue routes, it is possible to provide the most rescue services in the shortest possible time. The main influencing parameters in determining the safe passage network include population density, vulnerability and heavy damages to buildings, transportation facilities and dangerous uses.
METHODS: At the present study, which is an example of a case-based method, it has been determined the effective parameters in the safety of the road network and the analysis of the relationship between them and the effect of each of the parameters in choosing the most optimal safe route for the 13 neighborhood of Aban, the 20th district of Tehran municipality. For this purpose, the hierarchical process analysis model has been used as the main model, as well as the capabilities and analysis techniques of GIS software, such as overlaying information layers.
FINDINGS: Some parameters including hazardous uses, transportation buildings parameters of uses (such as fuel stations, chemical storage centers, etc.), transportation structures (such as bridges and tunnels), vulnerability and heavy damage to buildings, and population density in determining the optimal safe rescue route The main influencing parameters, each of which has a different degree of importance; So that the vulnerability of buildings adjacent to the network is the highest with 38% and the population density with 15% has the lowest coefficient of importance. In addition, the influence of factors such as the slope of roads, the distance from faults and canals cannot be ignored.
CONCLUSION: This research showed that until now, the determination and optimization of relief routes has not been given due attention. By determining and optimizing rescue routes, it is possible to provide the most rescue services in the shortest possible time. The main influencing parameters in determining the safe passage network include population density, vulnerability and heavy damages to buildings, transportation facilities and dangerous uses.
Alireza Ebrahimi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Volume 14, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Various studies have demonstrated that rescuers enjoy higher levels of self-efficacy and quality of life, as compared to ordinary people. Moreover, the constant and sometimes prolonged presence of Red Crescent Society rescuers at the scene of disasters makes them more prone to the emotional impact of crises, in comparison with ordinary rescuers.
METHODS: The present study was conducted based on a causal-comparative (ex-post facto) design. The statistical population included 200 ones, and the sample size was equal to 120 (60 rescuers and 60 non-rescuers who were selected via random sampling method). Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1983), quality of work life questionnaire (1973), and Coopersmith self-confidence questionnaire (1967) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance.
FINDINGS: As evidenced by the obtained results, the highest and lowest percentages of rescuers were in the age group of 20-30 (51.92%) and under 20 years (5.77%), respectively. In terms of education, the highest and lowest percentages of rescuers had a bachelor’s degree (61.7%) and high school education (1.7%). Furthermore, the highest and lowest percentages of non-rescuers were permanent (63.73%) and contract employees (1.7%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results pointed out that rescuers enjoyed higher levels of self-confidence, quality of work life, and self-efficacy, as compared to non-rescuers.
METHODS: The present study was conducted based on a causal-comparative (ex-post facto) design. The statistical population included 200 ones, and the sample size was equal to 120 (60 rescuers and 60 non-rescuers who were selected via random sampling method). Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1983), quality of work life questionnaire (1973), and Coopersmith self-confidence questionnaire (1967) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance.
FINDINGS: As evidenced by the obtained results, the highest and lowest percentages of rescuers were in the age group of 20-30 (51.92%) and under 20 years (5.77%), respectively. In terms of education, the highest and lowest percentages of rescuers had a bachelor’s degree (61.7%) and high school education (1.7%). Furthermore, the highest and lowest percentages of non-rescuers were permanent (63.73%) and contract employees (1.7%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results pointed out that rescuers enjoyed higher levels of self-confidence, quality of work life, and self-efficacy, as compared to non-rescuers.
Babak Omidvar, Mohsen Khorram,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Volume 14, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The frequency of natural disasters is high in Iran due to its special climatic and geophysical conditions. However, the provision of better services to trauma victims requires further research. Decisions on emergency accommodation and meeting the needs of the victims are often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the lack of appropriate studies leads to the provision of low-quality and intermittent services.
METHODS: This applied and descriptive-analytical study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of relief tents using documentary and library resources, observation, and interviews with officials and experts, and the effective standards for the construction system of emergency accommodation. The thermal comfort of the victims was then investigated using the guidelines of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), interviews with the victims, and field tests. Moreover, solutions are introduced for the improvement and optimization of relief tents, and a new building system is introduced for the emergency accommodation of victims in incidents by removing the disadvantages of the systems previously used in emergency accommodation.
FINDINGS: According to the observations and investigations, the previously used emergency shelters do not meet the needs of the accident survivors properly and their design does not correspond to the users’ culture and needs. The problems with the current accommodating methods include lack of privacy, lack of protection against disturbing cold and heat, and inappropriate and non-standard dimensions of the existing tents. Solutions have been presented to solve the existing problems and a new system for emergency accommodation has been introduced based on field observations and interviews with experts.
CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the votes of 22 percent of people are in the range of slightly warm to slightly cold; which shows that these people are satisfied with their accommodation regarding thermal comfort. 78 percent of the people's votes were outside the satisfaction range. Due to the chambered structure of the tent, direct sunlight in the summer, the lack of proper air exchange, the weakness of the structural components of the tent and the lack of heat retention in the winter, proper mechanical systems should be used to provide thermal comfort, which is not feasible in practice due to the extent of the incidents and large amounts of equipment and resources needed which bolds the importance of the proposed construction system.
METHODS: This applied and descriptive-analytical study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of relief tents using documentary and library resources, observation, and interviews with officials and experts, and the effective standards for the construction system of emergency accommodation. The thermal comfort of the victims was then investigated using the guidelines of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), interviews with the victims, and field tests. Moreover, solutions are introduced for the improvement and optimization of relief tents, and a new building system is introduced for the emergency accommodation of victims in incidents by removing the disadvantages of the systems previously used in emergency accommodation.
FINDINGS: According to the observations and investigations, the previously used emergency shelters do not meet the needs of the accident survivors properly and their design does not correspond to the users’ culture and needs. The problems with the current accommodating methods include lack of privacy, lack of protection against disturbing cold and heat, and inappropriate and non-standard dimensions of the existing tents. Solutions have been presented to solve the existing problems and a new system for emergency accommodation has been introduced based on field observations and interviews with experts.
CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the votes of 22 percent of people are in the range of slightly warm to slightly cold; which shows that these people are satisfied with their accommodation regarding thermal comfort. 78 percent of the people's votes were outside the satisfaction range. Due to the chambered structure of the tent, direct sunlight in the summer, the lack of proper air exchange, the weakness of the structural components of the tent and the lack of heat retention in the winter, proper mechanical systems should be used to provide thermal comfort, which is not feasible in practice due to the extent of the incidents and large amounts of equipment and resources needed which bolds the importance of the proposed construction system.
Bahareh Sadat Mousavi, Ebrahim Jahangir, Najmeh Neysani Samani, Meysam Argany,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2023)
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2023)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of a huge number of road accidents in Iran makes it necessary to pay more attention than before to the rescue and relief sector, the correct locating of road rescue and relief bases and its development and equipment, especially in Alborz province and topological conditions, geographical diversity and its tourism characteristics. Therefore, in this research, in order to reduce the hazards, the spatial analysis of rescue and relief bases in this province was conducted.
METHODS: In this research, in order to optimize the allocation and locating the rescue and relief centers, the intended indicators were extracted from the Red Crescent Society instructions and after preparing the required data, the weight of each index was extracted and optimized in PSO algorithm in MATLAB environment using AHP hierarchical analysis and OWA weighted average. The obtained weights were applied in the corresponding layers and the optimal points were suggested for the development of the rescue and relief network of Alborz province.
FINDINGS: Finally, prioritizing the development of rescue and relief centers in the province was suggested after evaluating the accident-prone state of the province in relation to the existing and proposed centers as well as the development plans of the province
CONCLUSION: The results showed that the use of PSO algorithm can have acceptable results in the field of optimal locating of rescue and relief centers.
METHODS: In this research, in order to optimize the allocation and locating the rescue and relief centers, the intended indicators were extracted from the Red Crescent Society instructions and after preparing the required data, the weight of each index was extracted and optimized in PSO algorithm in MATLAB environment using AHP hierarchical analysis and OWA weighted average. The obtained weights were applied in the corresponding layers and the optimal points were suggested for the development of the rescue and relief network of Alborz province.
FINDINGS: Finally, prioritizing the development of rescue and relief centers in the province was suggested after evaluating the accident-prone state of the province in relation to the existing and proposed centers as well as the development plans of the province
CONCLUSION: The results showed that the use of PSO algorithm can have acceptable results in the field of optimal locating of rescue and relief centers.
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