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Showing 30 results for Resilience
Javad Shojafard, Naser Pour Sedegh, Ghasem Shahr Ashoub, Sahar Zangisheh,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2014)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Drag and drop link here to translate the web page. We do not support the type of file you drop. Please try other file types.
We do not support the type of link you drop. Please try link of other types. Mental burnout is a feeling inside that causes negative feelings and attitudes in individual about the job and his professional function. In the face of job stress conditions, resilience as a predictor is to prevent and reduce burnout. This study is to determine the relationship between burnout and resilience among emergency medicine staff in Tehran in 2012.
Methods: In this study, about 128 emergency operations staff were selected and studied randomly in Tehran. Data was collected and analyzed by using two standard questionnaire Maslesh Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and SPSS-20; also relation between variables was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (0/05).
Findings: The results are as follows: about 21/9% of people are in average in level of emotional exhaustion; and 15/6% of people are high in emotional exhaustion; 23% are moderate and 21/01% are high in depersonalization; 36/7% are high and 20/3% are moderate in personal accomplishment. In addition, there is significant relationship between individual characteristics of resilience and burnout (p<0/001); However, no correlation was observed between burnout and demographic variables.
Conclusions: The careers of emergency medicine personnel can exacerbate burnout resulting in irreparable damage to patients, emergency patients, and even personnel. Thus identifying the predisposing and intensifying factors of burnout, detailed planning for the use of contraceptive methods, holding counseling and training courses improve working conditions and reduce the impact of these factors. Since the capacity of resilience is considered as one of the effective factors in prevention of burnout; therefore, it is better to employ individuals with higher resilience capacity.
We do not support the type of link you drop. Please try link of other types. Mental burnout is a feeling inside that causes negative feelings and attitudes in individual about the job and his professional function. In the face of job stress conditions, resilience as a predictor is to prevent and reduce burnout. This study is to determine the relationship between burnout and resilience among emergency medicine staff in Tehran in 2012.
Methods: In this study, about 128 emergency operations staff were selected and studied randomly in Tehran. Data was collected and analyzed by using two standard questionnaire Maslesh Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and SPSS-20; also relation between variables was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (0/05).
Findings: The results are as follows: about 21/9% of people are in average in level of emotional exhaustion; and 15/6% of people are high in emotional exhaustion; 23% are moderate and 21/01% are high in depersonalization; 36/7% are high and 20/3% are moderate in personal accomplishment. In addition, there is significant relationship between individual characteristics of resilience and burnout (p<0/001); However, no correlation was observed between burnout and demographic variables.
Conclusions: The careers of emergency medicine personnel can exacerbate burnout resulting in irreparable damage to patients, emergency patients, and even personnel. Thus identifying the predisposing and intensifying factors of burnout, detailed planning for the use of contraceptive methods, holding counseling and training courses improve working conditions and reduce the impact of these factors. Since the capacity of resilience is considered as one of the effective factors in prevention of burnout; therefore, it is better to employ individuals with higher resilience capacity.
Sheida Saraf Zadeh, Mina Nazari Kamal, Morteza Moradipour,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: The emergency line operator 112 is a voluntary activity in Red Crescent society which has lots of psychological pressure due to crisis and stress. Stressful jobs needs to identify behavioral and personality characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between personality traits, self-efficacy and problem solving st
Method: In this cross-sectional correlation study, all operator men (248) in emergency line 112 were studied in 2014. Then, 103 operators were selected by using convenience sampling and questionnaire of demographic data, self-efficacy and problem solving st
Findings: The results are as follows: the personality traits of extraversion and conscious have a positive relationship with resilience; conscious and self-efficacy are able to predict the operators’ resiliency; the approach st
Conclusion: Long-term exposure to stress factors regardless of the operators’ needs such as time and place of rest, long working hours and little time between calls in order to evacuate the excitement of news events can impact on both operators’ problem-solving st
Soudeh Kafi, Maedeh Sadat Etesami, Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi, Mahnaz Shahgholian,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (1-2016)
Volume 8, Issue 3 (1-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Quality of decision making by managers always affects a wide range of people and this issue is especially important in the midst of crises. In this regard, this research aims to study the relationship between resilience with self-efficacy of disasters managers of Red Crescent society in crises and disasters
Method: In this descriptive-correlational study, all managers (2000) were studied. Current, former and retired of 10-years managers (150) were selected with a minimum of management and commanding of two incidents in their work schedule. Data were collected by convenience sampling in three sections: senior, middle and junior managers in Red Crescent societies of Tehran, Gilan, Golestan, Qom, Alborz, Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchistan, Yazd and Ilam provinces. Data were gathered by using four questionnaires of Demographics, Barton's Psychological Hardiness, Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES) and et al, and also Conner & Davidson Resilience (CD-RIS). Validity and reliability were measured and confirmed and data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS-22.
Findings: According to the results, there is a significant relation between self-efficacy and resilience components. (0.01) However, all sub-components of resilience have a significant correlation with self-efficacy except "spiritual influences" at significance level of 0.01. Meanwhile, not only the total hardiness score is correlated with self-efficacy at a significant level of 0.01, but also the correlation between all the sub-components of hardiness with self-efficacy has also been confirmed.
Conclusion: According to the findings which confirm the significant relationship between efficiency, hardiness and resiliency components, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of a manager can be predicted with a reliable approximation based on the level of resilience and hardiness of the manager. Also, the relationship of resilience is important to shape the individual's belief, ability, knowledge, attitude, behavior, and performance for using all capacities in order to resist in difficult circumstances
Farzad Veisi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Today, increasing resilience as a new approach to managing disaster and rural hazards and reducing their vulnerability is a prime consideration for development planners. In the meantime, among different dimensions of rural structure, physical dimension, due to the establishment and stimulation of the optimal performance of other aspects of rural structure, is more important. The assessment of the situation and its resilience against natural and human disaster and hazards is undeniable.
This applied research was carried out to measure the level of physical resilience of rural areas in the central part of Marivan city. In this descriptive-analytic study, data were collected from library resources in the theoretical part. In the field, a distribution questionnaire has been used among 50 dehyaran by using random sampling.
Data analysis with using indicators such as single-sample t-test, Friedman rank, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test showed that the level of physical resilience of the studied villages was not at the level satisfaction in the eight examined indicators. Among the indicators of physical resilience, the building design index is the most desirable and the index of the status of public places and services is the most unfavorable situation
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in the indexes studied, the level of physical resilience of villages is not at the appropriate level and the physical resonance of the villages can be explained by the population size and their natural position.
Naghmeh Jafarian, Hossein Hataminejad, Mohammad Reza Mabhut,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background: Management of natural disasters requires understanding the nature, precise assessments, planning, also providing the right solutions. Today, most earthquake management programs refer to the period during and after the crisis and less attention is paid to pre-earthquake planning. However, resilience can be considered as more accurate among risk reduction programs and measurable dimensions due to its attention to the socioeconomic dimensions of a city. According to the building code, Bojnord city that is located in north Khorasan province is one of the most vulnerable cities and there have been many extensive earthquakes over the years based on the city history. The aim of this research is to measure the level of resilience of socioeconomic dimensions and to identify the weaknesses of the evaluated sub-criteria.
Method: In this descriptive-analytical and applied research, all appropriate evaluation criteria and definitions of Bojnord city was extracted by using library studies. Then by field method, the level of resilience is measured based on analytical hierarchy process and SPSS. Finally, the significance level is evaluated in socioeconomic criteria in order to measure meaningfulness between city resilience and sustainability using Pearson correlation method.
Findings: According to these results, in Bojnord city with three available regions the social resilience mean were 89.03%, 87.04 % and 86.53 % respectively in districts1, 2 and Mehr area and 87.67% for the city. In addition, the economical resilience mean of area 1, 2 and Mehr equal were 49.31%, 47.69% and 39.59 % and 45.50 % in the whole city.
Conclusion: The results show that Bojnord city with the correlation coefficient value equal to -0/020 and 0.936 sig has no significance in social criteria also it is significant in economic criteria (0.632 with 0.005 sig).
Mostafa Behzadfar, Babak Omidvar, Reza Ghasemi, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (8-2017)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (8-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: The study of cities resilience against earthquakes is one of the requirements for planning to reduce damages, fatalities, and financial losses due to earthquakes. Resilience has many definitions and there is no a comprehensive model for calculating; Therefore, this paper aims to provide a quantitative indicator for resilience.
Method: First, effective indicators and dimensions in resilience of cities against earthquake were extracted by using library studies and obtaining experts opinions. Then, the weight of each dimension and indicator was determined based on expert judgment and paired comparison method and finally, the resilience index was introduced.
Findings: In this paper, while introducing a summary of disaster definitions and resilience, the dimensions and indices obtained from previous studies and expert opinions were introduced. These dimensions and indicators represent the factors influencing urban resilience against earthquakes. Accordingly, the urban fabric dimension, which represents the city structure, plays a major role in the resilience of the city against earthquakes, after which the security dimension is the most important factor in resilience of the city. Regarding the indexes, in the physical dimension, the "building height / passage width ratio" index has the most impact on the resilience of the earthquake against the earthquake in experts’ opinions. The number of building floors has little impact and does not matter much about vulnerability in case of using proper structure, sufficient space, and easy access to the passages.
Conclusion: The results show that the introduced index for different cities, as well as various strategies for retrofitting and increasing resilience can be calculated and make it possible to choose an optimal strategy for increasing resilience. It is also possible for planners and decision makers to observe the effects of different sections on the resilience of the city or region under study.
Mahmood Arvin, Keramatollah Ziari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, communities are looking for conditions to provide a quick return to the pre-crisis situation by changing crisis management approaches. Although it cannot be completely prevented from hazards occurring, it can be reduced the damages and improved by taking actions. The most important features that change the amount of damage is the social characteristics of residents who affected by hazard. Different situations make communities vulnerable against hazards. The social characteristics of affected residents are the most important features that change the amount of damage. Hence, areas and vulnerable individuals must be identified for proper planning and mitigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the social vulnerability and social resilience in district two of Tehran province.
Method: This applied and descriptive-analytical research has been investigated in two parts: social vulnerability and social resilience. In the vulnerability section, the vulnerability limits were identified using 15 indicators and weighing with overlay and DEMATEL techniques and Vikor technique in ArcGIS. Using vulnerability techniques, ArcGIS vulnerabilities were identified. In social resilience section, the viewpoints of 384 inhabitants of region two were collected in relation to social capital indicators using questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on second order confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel software.
Findings: The results indicated that 151 hectares are in a very high social vulnerability zone and 314 hectares of the area are included in a very low vulnerability. The results in resilience part showed that social protection with coefficient 1 has the highest coefficient among the indices after that the correlation index and social cohesion, the sense of effectiveness and efficiency index, participation index, trust index, knowledge with coefficient of 0.95,0.87, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.47 were obtained the lowest coefficient respectively.
Conclusion: The results can be used in risk reduction and resilience programs. Urban managers and authorities in Tehran district two should take measures to improve the situation of vulnerable groups and to enhance features such as partnership, cooperation, and accountability among citizens with awareness and training. In general, the empowerment and resilience approach should be placed at the top priority of risk reduction programs.
Method: This applied and descriptive-analytical research has been investigated in two parts: social vulnerability and social resilience. In the vulnerability section, the vulnerability limits were identified using 15 indicators and weighing with overlay and DEMATEL techniques and Vikor technique in ArcGIS. Using vulnerability techniques, ArcGIS vulnerabilities were identified. In social resilience section, the viewpoints of 384 inhabitants of region two were collected in relation to social capital indicators using questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on second order confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel software.
Findings: The results indicated that 151 hectares are in a very high social vulnerability zone and 314 hectares of the area are included in a very low vulnerability. The results in resilience part showed that social protection with coefficient 1 has the highest coefficient among the indices after that the correlation index and social cohesion, the sense of effectiveness and efficiency index, participation index, trust index, knowledge with coefficient of 0.95,0.87, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.47 were obtained the lowest coefficient respectively.
Conclusion: The results can be used in risk reduction and resilience programs. Urban managers and authorities in Tehran district two should take measures to improve the situation of vulnerable groups and to enhance features such as partnership, cooperation, and accountability among citizens with awareness and training. In general, the empowerment and resilience approach should be placed at the top priority of risk reduction programs.
Alireza Fallahi, Maryam Montazeriun, Fereshteh Aslani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Ashura has been the symbol of resilience of Imam Hussein and his followers during a great tribulation of the Islamic world. Mourning of Ashura has always been magnificent in the cities of Iran for many years. It seems that the mourning ceremony has a meaningful relationship with the resilience of society against disasters. Therefore, this research aims to study the role of ritual ceremony of Muharram in social resilience against disasters in Beryanak neighborhood, district 10 of Tehran city.
METHOD: In this descriptive survey, the effect of Muharram mourning ceremony on resilience studied and analyzed emphasizing on dimensions of social capital and vitality of Beryanak neighborhood. After reviewing literatures, the specialized texts, and deducing the indicators, distribution of questionnaires and field observations of Beryanak neighborhood conducted in Muharram 2018. The results analyzed using statistical methods including SPSS and Expert Choice software. In addition, the correlation between the variables of "Muharram mourning ceremony" and "social resilience against disasters" was evaluated using regression.
FINDINGS: The results showed that Muharram mourning ceremony as one of the most important social capital in Iran neighborhoods has a subjective (non-physical) and an objective (physical) aspect. This spontaneous, dynamic, and intrusive ceremony in spite of being mourned for Imam Hussein and his followers, lead to the vitality of neighborhood. The components of participation, communication, security, religious activities and place attachment, which are the most important indicators of social resilience increase from 10 to 30 percent in Muharram compared to other days of the year.
CONCLUSION: This article concludes that Muharram mourning ceremony leads to the promotion of resilience to disasters. In other words, the social resilience of Beryanak neighborhood from the point of view social capital and vitality of the neighborhood on ordinary days is about 45%, which is increasing by 60% during Muharram. In general, public awareness and preparedness for disasters in the neighborhood are estimated 40% and 45% respectively. Muharram mourning ceremony includes capacities and potentials such as locating and conducting Tekyeh on different scales at the neighborhood level by people that can be used as temporary housing during the crisis.
METHOD: In this descriptive survey, the effect of Muharram mourning ceremony on resilience studied and analyzed emphasizing on dimensions of social capital and vitality of Beryanak neighborhood. After reviewing literatures, the specialized texts, and deducing the indicators, distribution of questionnaires and field observations of Beryanak neighborhood conducted in Muharram 2018. The results analyzed using statistical methods including SPSS and Expert Choice software. In addition, the correlation between the variables of "Muharram mourning ceremony" and "social resilience against disasters" was evaluated using regression.
FINDINGS: The results showed that Muharram mourning ceremony as one of the most important social capital in Iran neighborhoods has a subjective (non-physical) and an objective (physical) aspect. This spontaneous, dynamic, and intrusive ceremony in spite of being mourned for Imam Hussein and his followers, lead to the vitality of neighborhood. The components of participation, communication, security, religious activities and place attachment, which are the most important indicators of social resilience increase from 10 to 30 percent in Muharram compared to other days of the year.
CONCLUSION: This article concludes that Muharram mourning ceremony leads to the promotion of resilience to disasters. In other words, the social resilience of Beryanak neighborhood from the point of view social capital and vitality of the neighborhood on ordinary days is about 45%, which is increasing by 60% during Muharram. In general, public awareness and preparedness for disasters in the neighborhood are estimated 40% and 45% respectively. Muharram mourning ceremony includes capacities and potentials such as locating and conducting Tekyeh on different scales at the neighborhood level by people that can be used as temporary housing during the crisis.
Seyed Khodayar Mortazavi, Hossein Sharifara,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2018)
Abstract
Reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing capacities of communities to cope with disasters could be regarded as a new model in the disaster management approach. It changes traditional passive disaster response into an active resilience-based action. This new understanding can be considered as a way of treatment to get out of the critical traditional relief assistance as well as its challenges and bottlenecks. What is resilience and how to exploit Thomas A Spragens’ four-stage methodology of crisis theory, as theoretical justification of resilience, are two questions that the present study seeks to provide response to. The findings revealed that using Spragnes’ model including observation of disorder, diagnosis, reconstructing the polis, and prescription, the resilience process can be reconsidered in the field of disaster management, in order to present a comprehensive and systematized image of its role in the novel and resilience-based disaster management to the audience by putting it into the theoretical perspective.
Sajad Ferdowsi, Mehdi Mododi Arkhodi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Managers and planners should have a special approach to provide the hygienic-therapeutic facilities and infrastructures due to the importance of hygienic-therapeutic resources to increase the resiliency of settlements against natural disasters. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the cities of Semnan province based on effective hygienic-therapeutic indicators in urban resiliency.
Method: This descriptive-analytical study aims to evaluate the cities of Semnan province based on effective hygienic-therapeutic indicators in urban resiliency. The indexes of this study were evaluated using Vikor model.
Findings: The results indicated that the cities of Shahroud, Damghan, Garmsar, Aradan, and Sorkheh have efficient performance in providing services due to appropriate therapeutic facilities and infrastructure at the time of natural disasters. However, the cities of Mehdishahr, Miami, and Semnan with desirable mismatch between the population, health facilities, and infrastructure have lower resilience than other parts of Semnan province facing natural disasters.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that managers and planners can lead the cities of province to enhance resilience to natural hazards by evaluating and analyzing this process in Semnan province and resilience strategies considering the available capacities and competitive advantages.
Fereshteh Aslani, Kambod Amini Hosseini, Alireza Fallahi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Natural hazards, especially earthquakes, have resulted in mass casualties and damages in different parts of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to take required measures in relation to risk reduction, preparedness and coping with earthquake effects. Regarding the fact that resilience is a relatively new concept, despite the great attention to this term and its abundant application in different fields, measuring the level of earthquake resilience, as well as creating and improving it in urban settlements is a challenging necessity.
METHODS: The review of literature was carried out first and the physical resilience indicators were deduced. Subsequently, a questionnaire was prepared for experts with the aim of weighting and prioritizing the indicators. Then the weight of them was calculated using the Expert Choice software and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). After weighing, the indicators were prioritized. In the next step, the required information layers were prepared in accordance with the inferred indices in GIS software. After preparing the required layers and maps, a fuzzy function was used to standardize. Then, the weight of the layers was multiplied in the standardized indicators, and after calculating the layers, the final map of the physical resilience of Karaj City, Iran, against earthquake was prepared and analyzed.
FINDINGS: Karaj City is one of the most vulnerable areas to earthquake due to its place located in the southern slopes of Alborz and on active faults. According to the maps prepared in this paper, large areas of Karaj City, especially in the central regions, have formed vulnerable places, which in the event of an earthquake, will have huge casualties and damages in the urban areas.
CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the physical resilience of the living environment within the case study should be in accordance with the prioritization obtained in the article: 1) infrastructures, 2) buildings, 3) urban structure and 4) land use and natural factors. Also, spatial priorities should be observed in promoting urban resilience in accordance with the final map.
METHODS: The review of literature was carried out first and the physical resilience indicators were deduced. Subsequently, a questionnaire was prepared for experts with the aim of weighting and prioritizing the indicators. Then the weight of them was calculated using the Expert Choice software and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). After weighing, the indicators were prioritized. In the next step, the required information layers were prepared in accordance with the inferred indices in GIS software. After preparing the required layers and maps, a fuzzy function was used to standardize. Then, the weight of the layers was multiplied in the standardized indicators, and after calculating the layers, the final map of the physical resilience of Karaj City, Iran, against earthquake was prepared and analyzed.
FINDINGS: Karaj City is one of the most vulnerable areas to earthquake due to its place located in the southern slopes of Alborz and on active faults. According to the maps prepared in this paper, large areas of Karaj City, especially in the central regions, have formed vulnerable places, which in the event of an earthquake, will have huge casualties and damages in the urban areas.
CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the physical resilience of the living environment within the case study should be in accordance with the prioritization obtained in the article: 1) infrastructures, 2) buildings, 3) urban structure and 4) land use and natural factors. Also, spatial priorities should be observed in promoting urban resilience in accordance with the final map.
Leila Mohammadinia, Abbas Ebadi, Hossein Malekafzali,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Measure of resilience as an objective concept in recent years has been interested to researchers. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of resilience of students in vulnerable areas based on the LM-CRID-31 Q.
METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The tool used was LM-CRID-31Q, which includes Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and the internal consistency is ICC = 0.91 CI (95%), 849-948. This questionnaire was surveyed among 599 students aged 13 to 18 years in hazardous areas of Golestan province and the earthquake hazards in Kermanshah province at the end of 2017.
FINDINGS: The results showed that girls had more resilience than boys. Age, sex, level of education, and living area were among the most influential factors in the resilience of children in disasters. Resilience of Kermanshah teenagers was more than Golestan. The most resilience of students was in the area of trust in God and the lowest resilience in the area of accepting social responsibility. The lowest percentage of resilience was in the acceptance of social responsibility (22.2%) and adaptability (57.0%). The highest percentage of resilience in the elements of trust in God and learning thrill (91.0%) and other components were creativity and dynamism (83.7%), happiness (80.3), and hope (74.8%) of moderate resilience.
METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The tool used was LM-CRID-31Q, which includes Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and the internal consistency is ICC = 0.91 CI (95%), 849-948. This questionnaire was surveyed among 599 students aged 13 to 18 years in hazardous areas of Golestan province and the earthquake hazards in Kermanshah province at the end of 2017.
FINDINGS: The results showed that girls had more resilience than boys. Age, sex, level of education, and living area were among the most influential factors in the resilience of children in disasters. Resilience of Kermanshah teenagers was more than Golestan. The most resilience of students was in the area of trust in God and the lowest resilience in the area of accepting social responsibility. The lowest percentage of resilience was in the acceptance of social responsibility (22.2%) and adaptability (57.0%). The highest percentage of resilience in the elements of trust in God and learning thrill (91.0%) and other components were creativity and dynamism (83.7%), happiness (80.3), and hope (74.8%) of moderate resilience.
CONCLUSION: The LM-CRID-31Q instrument with eight components could be the beginning of advanced studies by researchers in the field of child in disasters. This questionnaire is applicable to measuring the resilience before and after accidents and disasters.
Afsaneh Hassanvand, Ali Hajinejad, Majid Yasouri,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (8-2019)
Volume 11, Issue 4 (8-2019)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Natural disasters in rural settlements are responsible for a broad range of financial and human losses. In this regard, the resilience approach has gained renewed attention to minimize the disruptive impacts of natural catastrophes. Therefore, adequate knowledge about the status of resilience enables us to take efficient measures to reduce resultant injuries and destructive effects. With this background in mind, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between economic and socio-cultural resilience of rural settlements in Silakhor rural district in Dorud.
METHODS: This practical study was conducted based on an analytical-descriptive design. The statistical population included 1539 earthquake-stricken households of Silakhor village (according to household information from the 2016 Census). Out of this population, 308 families were selected as the sample size using the Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method rendering the coefficients of 0.910 and 0.854 for the economic and socio-cultural dimension, respectively. One-Sample T-Test and Pearson correlation were used to examine the status of resilience and the relationship between economic resilience and socio-cultural resilience.
FINDINGS: As evidenced by the obtained results, rural settlements were socio-culturally resilient with the mean score of >3, while they were somewhat resilient in the economic dimension with the mean score of nearly 3.
CONCLUSION: The results of the Pearson correlation pointed to a positive and significant relationship between economic and social resilience with a correlation coefficient of 0.420 and a significance level of P<0.00.
METHODS: This practical study was conducted based on an analytical-descriptive design. The statistical population included 1539 earthquake-stricken households of Silakhor village (according to household information from the 2016 Census). Out of this population, 308 families were selected as the sample size using the Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method rendering the coefficients of 0.910 and 0.854 for the economic and socio-cultural dimension, respectively. One-Sample T-Test and Pearson correlation were used to examine the status of resilience and the relationship between economic resilience and socio-cultural resilience.
FINDINGS: As evidenced by the obtained results, rural settlements were socio-culturally resilient with the mean score of >3, while they were somewhat resilient in the economic dimension with the mean score of nearly 3.
CONCLUSION: The results of the Pearson correlation pointed to a positive and significant relationship between economic and social resilience with a correlation coefficient of 0.420 and a significance level of P<0.00.
Fatemeh Rahimi, Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki, Mostafa Ghodousi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Today, the expansion of urbanization has located cities and residential areas in places exposed to various types of hazards. Natural hazards are characterized by low predictability and can cause numerous human and financial losses to urban settlements. Making cities resilient is one of the United Nations International strategies for disaster mitigation. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to prepare a physical-social resilience map of the study area.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical identified the criteria and indicators of physical and social dimensions after the revision of experimental and theoretical texts. After the identification of indicators, the map of the resilience or non-resilience of the indicators was prepared in binary form. Finally, two methods of Boolean and indicator overlap were used to combine the layers. In the current research, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process-Technique (FAHP) was used for weighting the map of the studied layers.
FINDINGS: Based on the result of the Boolean model map, more than half of the total district will be non-resilient. Nonetheless, according to the result of the indicator overlap method, 7.68%, 24.71%, and 67.61% of the total district has low, average, and high resilience, respectively.
CONCLUSION: According to the resilience map obtained in the study area, it can be stated that resilience in these areas is not favorable. Moreover, Darband region and its surrounding streets are not in good condition. Therefore, management programs should be implemented in low-resilient areas before the onset of disasters.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical identified the criteria and indicators of physical and social dimensions after the revision of experimental and theoretical texts. After the identification of indicators, the map of the resilience or non-resilience of the indicators was prepared in binary form. Finally, two methods of Boolean and indicator overlap were used to combine the layers. In the current research, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process-Technique (FAHP) was used for weighting the map of the studied layers.
FINDINGS: Based on the result of the Boolean model map, more than half of the total district will be non-resilient. Nonetheless, according to the result of the indicator overlap method, 7.68%, 24.71%, and 67.61% of the total district has low, average, and high resilience, respectively.
CONCLUSION: According to the resilience map obtained in the study area, it can be stated that resilience in these areas is not favorable. Moreover, Darband region and its surrounding streets are not in good condition. Therefore, management programs should be implemented in low-resilient areas before the onset of disasters.
Alireza Ebrahimi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In Iran, natural disasters are constantly increasing; however, no research has clearly explained the indicators of resilience in such situations. Resilience enhances internal strengths and protects against potential threats to maintain and promote the health of the community. The present study aimed to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning for managers and experts.
METHODS: The present exploratory analysis study was performed on a sample size of 215 which was calculated using Cochran's formula. In order to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning, first, the general texts of applied sociology and scientific databases were studied. Afterward, 450 concepts regarding the general institutionalization of culture were extracted and provided for the experts in universities and the Red Crescent Society using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the experts agreed upon 73 concepts regarding the institutionalization of the culture of resilience based on organizational learning. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared based on these 73 concepts.
FINDINGS: The first step was the performance of the exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS version22 software on 73 concepts which resulted in the emergence of five main components, including management, objectives, culture, strategy, and education of crisis resilience. These components were identified and named according to the review of the related literature. In the second stage, the DEMATEL technique and software were used to determine the importance and effectiveness of the criteria. Eventually, in the third stage, the LISREL software was used to design the crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.
CONCLUSION: First, the exploratory factor analysis was performed in SPSS software version22 and the effectiveness and susceptibility of each factor were determined using the DEMATEL software. Subsequently, the model components, including the culture, strategy, education, and objectives of resilience were used as the input of LISREL software and the resilience model was designed based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.
METHODS: The present exploratory analysis study was performed on a sample size of 215 which was calculated using Cochran's formula. In order to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning, first, the general texts of applied sociology and scientific databases were studied. Afterward, 450 concepts regarding the general institutionalization of culture were extracted and provided for the experts in universities and the Red Crescent Society using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the experts agreed upon 73 concepts regarding the institutionalization of the culture of resilience based on organizational learning. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared based on these 73 concepts.
FINDINGS: The first step was the performance of the exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS version22 software on 73 concepts which resulted in the emergence of five main components, including management, objectives, culture, strategy, and education of crisis resilience. These components were identified and named according to the review of the related literature. In the second stage, the DEMATEL technique and software were used to determine the importance and effectiveness of the criteria. Eventually, in the third stage, the LISREL software was used to design the crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.
CONCLUSION: First, the exploratory factor analysis was performed in SPSS software version22 and the effectiveness and susceptibility of each factor were determined using the DEMATEL software. Subsequently, the model components, including the culture, strategy, education, and objectives of resilience were used as the input of LISREL software and the resilience model was designed based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.
Farzad Veisi, Karim Shamsi, Abouzar Rezaeipour,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Resilience is recognized as the potential capacity of a system or community to adapt or resist change in order to maintain an appropriate level of performance and structure. Moreover, governments adopt a variety of strategies to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. In this regard, the rural Hadi project is an efficient method for rural physical management. The present study aimed to assess the effects of Hadi project implementation on rural resilience.
METHODS: The current study sought to investigate the effect of Hadi project implementation on the resilience of rural settlements in the villages of Oraman district. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on survey design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of the heads of households living in Oraman Takht district in which the Hadi project has been implemented at least 5 years ago. The participants were selected via the convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, indexing, chi-square, Friedman test, and stepwise regression.
FINDINGS: Based on the results, the rural Hadi project had a positive significant effect on all the considered indicators (α=0.05). The effect size of this project on different dimensions of resilience was as follows: social resilience (257.45), economic resilience (208.95), institutional resilience (115.86), and environmental-physical resilience (196.69). Furthermore, a high correlation (0.993) was detected between the independent variable and the dependent variable. According to Friedman test, the greatest effect was exerted on the environmental-physical (3.23), institutional (3.00), economic (1.94), and social (1.51) dimensions, respectively.
METHODS: The current study sought to investigate the effect of Hadi project implementation on the resilience of rural settlements in the villages of Oraman district. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on survey design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of the heads of households living in Oraman Takht district in which the Hadi project has been implemented at least 5 years ago. The participants were selected via the convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, indexing, chi-square, Friedman test, and stepwise regression.
FINDINGS: Based on the results, the rural Hadi project had a positive significant effect on all the considered indicators (α=0.05). The effect size of this project on different dimensions of resilience was as follows: social resilience (257.45), economic resilience (208.95), institutional resilience (115.86), and environmental-physical resilience (196.69). Furthermore, a high correlation (0.993) was detected between the independent variable and the dependent variable. According to Friedman test, the greatest effect was exerted on the environmental-physical (3.23), institutional (3.00), economic (1.94), and social (1.51) dimensions, respectively.
CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, the implementation of the rural Hadi project affected all rural resilience indicators. The implementation of this project exerted the most and least significant impact on the physical-environmental and social indicators, respectively. In fact, the implementation of this project is one of the effective methods for the enhancement of rural resilience indicators. Confirmatory factor analysis also verified the positive effect of Hadi project implementation on resilience indicators
Ali Sibevei, Adel Azar, Mostafa Zandieh,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Supply chains face various disruptions from human-made to natural disasters preventing proper flow of materials and products. This problem is more important in the healthcare supply chains, especially the blood supply chains, in which human lives are at risk. Making the supply chains resilient, recently addressed by managers and researchers, can be a good way to tackle them. This study aimed to identify the most important disruptions and associated resilience strategies in the blood supply chain of Tehran, Iran, and prioritize the identified strategies based on the disruptions.
METHODS: In the current study, important disruptions and associated appropriate resilience strategies were determined using previous studies and Delphi method. Then, the most important resilience strategies were identified and prioritized proposing the House of Quality and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) as a novel hybrid approach.
FINDINGS: A total of 9 disruptions and 16 resilience strategies were determined by reviewing previous studies and asking for expert opinions. The suggested hybrid model also contributed to determining the importance of each strategy in addressing disruptions and prioritizing them in the blood supply chain of Tehran.
CONCLUSION: Those strategies with high importance and low performance, such as flexibility or risk management culture, are of great importance and should be considered by managers and improved according to IPA. In addition, other strategies, such as social responsibility or redundancy, should be continued in the current way.
METHODS: In the current study, important disruptions and associated appropriate resilience strategies were determined using previous studies and Delphi method. Then, the most important resilience strategies were identified and prioritized proposing the House of Quality and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) as a novel hybrid approach.
FINDINGS: A total of 9 disruptions and 16 resilience strategies were determined by reviewing previous studies and asking for expert opinions. The suggested hybrid model also contributed to determining the importance of each strategy in addressing disruptions and prioritizing them in the blood supply chain of Tehran.
CONCLUSION: Those strategies with high importance and low performance, such as flexibility or risk management culture, are of great importance and should be considered by managers and improved according to IPA. In addition, other strategies, such as social responsibility or redundancy, should be continued in the current way.
Mozafar Mohammadkhani, Zeinab Karkehabadi, Abbas Arghan,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Resilience is considered a way of strengthening societies using their capacities which can be defined as the ability of systems to adapt to changes without collapsing at the incidence of disasters. To understand resilience and the way it is analyzed at the community level, it is necessary to study the society's current condition and policies, as well as the measures adopted to reduce risk and how the risks in society are dealt with. This study aimed to assess the resilience of urban communities in the face of an earthquake.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect the required data in Semnan, Iran, in 2019. The statistical population of this study (n=384) consisted of the citizens of Semnan selected using the Cochran formula and random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using mean and percentage for descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test for inferential statistical tests.
FINDINGS: Based on the results, the sociocultural, infrastructural-physical, economic, and institutional-organizational dimensions showed the current condition of resilience in Semnan with the mean scores obtained as 2.59, 3.05, 2.17, and 2.56, respectively. It was also revealed that resilience had a significant relationship with age, education, income, accommodation ownership, employment, calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient (P-value=0.99).
CONCLUSION: The mean scores and significance level of the economic resilience in Semnan revealed that this city lacked economic resilience. In this regard, it can be noted that residents' lack of skills in other fields and jobs, lack of possessions outside the city, the vulnerability of residents' properties and assets, level of economic poverty in the city, citizens' limited financial ability to participate economically, and low level of household savings to compensate for earthquake damage have made returning to pre-crisis conditions highly difficult for citizens, and consequently, they cannot be economically resilient.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect the required data in Semnan, Iran, in 2019. The statistical population of this study (n=384) consisted of the citizens of Semnan selected using the Cochran formula and random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using mean and percentage for descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test for inferential statistical tests.
FINDINGS: Based on the results, the sociocultural, infrastructural-physical, economic, and institutional-organizational dimensions showed the current condition of resilience in Semnan with the mean scores obtained as 2.59, 3.05, 2.17, and 2.56, respectively. It was also revealed that resilience had a significant relationship with age, education, income, accommodation ownership, employment, calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient (P-value=0.99).
CONCLUSION: The mean scores and significance level of the economic resilience in Semnan revealed that this city lacked economic resilience. In this regard, it can be noted that residents' lack of skills in other fields and jobs, lack of possessions outside the city, the vulnerability of residents' properties and assets, level of economic poverty in the city, citizens' limited financial ability to participate economically, and low level of household savings to compensate for earthquake damage have made returning to pre-crisis conditions highly difficult for citizens, and consequently, they cannot be economically resilient.
Ismail Abdoli, Manijeh Ghahroudi Tali, Jamileh Tavakolinia,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 13, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The structure of the urban platform of Tehran and its physical characteristics depends on the inherent conditions and environmental thresholds in relation to changes. This study aimed to determine the natural landscapes of Tehran by two phenomena of earthquake and flood that posed the highest risk in different periods of this city. Therefore, the natural perspective of Tehran is divided into three perspectives of north, central, and south regarding the inherent features and evolutionary process.
METHODS: The relationship between the perspective of Tehran based on the form and geomorphological processes and the evaluation of earthquake and flood hazards have been observed in four stages, which included data collection, data processing, calculation of indicators, and analysis of findings. The studied area was divided into three northern, central, and south urban landscapes to determine the resistance thresholds of the city according to the characteristics of topography, physiography, geology, the results of field studies and satellite images, aerial photographs, as well as paleogeomorphological research in Tehran.
FINDINGS: According to the zoning map of Tehran based on the earthquake phenomenon in three perspectives of north, center, and south, the highest distribution of non-resistance is observed in the northern and southern areas of the city. Northeast, southwest, and semi-western regions have the highest urban resilience to earthquakes.
Moreover, regarding the zoning of Tehran based on the flood phenomenon in the three perspectives of north, center, and south, the highest distribution of non-resilience has been observed in the northern regions of the city. Northeast, southwest, and west of Tehran have the highest urban flood resilience.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, in order to increase resilience against the risks of earthquakes and floods, the city of Tehran should be studied not in just one perspective but in different perspectives.
METHODS: The relationship between the perspective of Tehran based on the form and geomorphological processes and the evaluation of earthquake and flood hazards have been observed in four stages, which included data collection, data processing, calculation of indicators, and analysis of findings. The studied area was divided into three northern, central, and south urban landscapes to determine the resistance thresholds of the city according to the characteristics of topography, physiography, geology, the results of field studies and satellite images, aerial photographs, as well as paleogeomorphological research in Tehran.
FINDINGS: According to the zoning map of Tehran based on the earthquake phenomenon in three perspectives of north, center, and south, the highest distribution of non-resistance is observed in the northern and southern areas of the city. Northeast, southwest, and semi-western regions have the highest urban resilience to earthquakes.
Moreover, regarding the zoning of Tehran based on the flood phenomenon in the three perspectives of north, center, and south, the highest distribution of non-resilience has been observed in the northern regions of the city. Northeast, southwest, and west of Tehran have the highest urban flood resilience.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, in order to increase resilience against the risks of earthquakes and floods, the city of Tehran should be studied not in just one perspective but in different perspectives.
Hakimeh Taghizadeh Ranjbari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Volume 13, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Throughout history, humans have always been prone to diverse experiences with different consequences. Consequently, a wide range of reactions is inevitable due to the different effects of these events on each person despite the same conditions. Therefore, it is indispensable to manage the physical and mental impacts of these events based on their magnitude. The present study aimed to assess the role of learning positive personality traits in the promotion of generational resilience and health.
METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a comparative-causal design. The statistical population included 98 female high school students in Kerman who were selected by purposive sampling. The NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1997), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) (2003) were used to collect the needed data. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and regression analysis.
FINDINGS: Based on the obtained results, learning exerted a significant effect on the promotion of the studied variables. Awareness and training on these strategies would be of great help in the development and improvement of resilience and health, as well as purposeful management of emotions in emergencies in people of all ages, especially the youth.
CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the results of the present study, it can be concluded that learning and developing positive personality traits significantly reinforce them and lead to the enhancement of the resilience and health of the next generation.
METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a comparative-causal design. The statistical population included 98 female high school students in Kerman who were selected by purposive sampling. The NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1997), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) (2003) were used to collect the needed data. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and regression analysis.
FINDINGS: Based on the obtained results, learning exerted a significant effect on the promotion of the studied variables. Awareness and training on these strategies would be of great help in the development and improvement of resilience and health, as well as purposeful management of emotions in emergencies in people of all ages, especially the youth.
CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the results of the present study, it can be concluded that learning and developing positive personality traits significantly reinforce them and lead to the enhancement of the resilience and health of the next generation.
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