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Arvin M, Ziari K. Measuring social vulnerability and social resilience against disaster earthquake. jorar 2018; 10 (1) :21-44
URL: http://jorar.ir/article-1-430-en.html

Introduction: Today, communities are looking for conditions to provide a quick return to the pre-crisis situation by changing crisis management approaches. Although it cannot be completely prevented from hazards occurring, it can be reduced the damages and improved by taking actions. The most important features that change the amount of damage is the social characteristics of residents who affected by hazard. Different situations make communities vulnerable against hazards. The social characteristics of affected residents are the most important features that change the amount of damage. Hence, areas and vulnerable individuals must be identified for proper planning and mitigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the social vulnerability and social resilience in district two of Tehran province.
Method: This applied and descriptive-analytical research has been investigated in two parts: social vulnerability and social resilience. In the vulnerability section, the vulnerability limits were identified using 15 indicators and weighing with overlay and DEMATEL techniques and Vikor technique in ArcGIS.  Using vulnerability techniques, ArcGIS vulnerabilities were identified. In social resilience section, the viewpoints of 384 inhabitants of region two were collected in relation to social capital indicators using questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on second order confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel software.
Findings: The results indicated that 151 hectares are in a very high social vulnerability zone and 314 hectares of the area are included in a very low vulnerability. The results in resilience part showed that social protection with coefficient 1 has the highest coefficient among the indices after that the correlation index and social cohesion, the sense of effectiveness and efficiency index, participation index, trust index, knowledge with coefficient of 0.95,0.87, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.47 were obtained the lowest coefficient respectively.
Conclusion: The results can be used in risk reduction and resilience programs. Urban managers and authorities in Tehran district two should take measures to improve the situation of vulnerable groups and to enhance features such as partnership, cooperation, and accountability among citizens with awareness and training. In general, the empowerment and resilience approach should be placed at the top priority of risk reduction programs.