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Zamani E, Sadeghian A, Ganjehi S, Givehchi S. Structural and Functional Requirements of Emergency Operations Centers:
A Comparative Study. jorar 2024; 16 (3) :148-153
URL: http://jorar.ir/article-1-941-en.html
URL: http://jorar.ir/article-1-941-en.html
MSc in Natural Disaster Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (651 Views)
INTRODUCTION: Considering the important and sensitive position of Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) and little scientific research has been done on the subject, the purpose of this comparative study is to identify the structural and functional requirements of EOCs.
METHODS: In this comparative research, structural and functional requirements and considerations of modern EOCs were extracted to facilitate the process of managing operations and responding to disasters by studying the guidelines and standards for the design and construction of modern EOCs, as well as examining the experiences of different countries in using and operating these centers.
FINDINGS: By reviewing the studies, these components were extracted as the important structural and functional requirements of these centers including: common hazards in the region, the purpose of creating an EOC, the flexibility and multi-purpose nature of the EOC, audio and visual features of the operation control room, the number of administrative and operational positions, ergonomics and allocated space, required and technologies, the existence of a space for holding group meetings as well as people's rest, the amount of allocated budget and also the conditions of people's access to modern EOC.
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, assessing the risks in the region and developing different possible scenarios, along with paying attention to the structural and functional requirements of modern EOCs based on the obtained criteria, can improve the disaster management process.
METHODS: In this comparative research, structural and functional requirements and considerations of modern EOCs were extracted to facilitate the process of managing operations and responding to disasters by studying the guidelines and standards for the design and construction of modern EOCs, as well as examining the experiences of different countries in using and operating these centers.
FINDINGS: By reviewing the studies, these components were extracted as the important structural and functional requirements of these centers including: common hazards in the region, the purpose of creating an EOC, the flexibility and multi-purpose nature of the EOC, audio and visual features of the operation control room, the number of administrative and operational positions, ergonomics and allocated space, required and technologies, the existence of a space for holding group meetings as well as people's rest, the amount of allocated budget and also the conditions of people's access to modern EOC.
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, assessing the risks in the region and developing different possible scenarios, along with paying attention to the structural and functional requirements of modern EOCs based on the obtained criteria, can improve the disaster management process.
Keywords: Emergency operations center, Disaster management, Structure and function, Responding to disaster.
Article Type: Research article |
Subject:
Other matters related to crisis, disasters and rescue & relief
References
1. CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters), CRED Crunch 74 - Disaster Year in Review 2023.
2. UN News. Disaster prevention, risk reduction, critical to sustainable future: UN deputy chief. UN News. Retrieved April 15, 2023 https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1119042
3. Sinclair, H., Doyle, E.E., Johnston, D.M. Paton, D. The use of emergency operations centers in local government emergency management. International Journal of Emergency Management, 2013; 9(3): 205-228. [DOI:10.1504/IJEM.2013.058542]
4. Sadeghian A, Givehchi S, Ghanjei S. Examining the types of physical plan of the emergency operations center. The Second International Civil Engineering Conference; New and Applied Findings, Shiraz, Iran. 2023 (In Persian)
5. Fagel M.J. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers. CRC Press. 2011 [DOI:10.1201/b11659]
6. Ghanjei S, Givehchi S, Sadeghian, A. The position of EOC in crisis management (function-based study EOC), The Second International Civil Engineering Conference; New and Applied Findings, Shiraz, Iran. 2023 (In Persian)
7. Fagel, M.J., Mathews, R.C. and Murphy, J.H. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers (EOC). CRC Press. 2021 [DOI:10.4324/9781315118345]
8. Shrader, K. W. Designing an effective emergency operations center for the city of Martinsville, Virginia. National Fire Academy. 2011
9. Moore, W. Developing an emergency operations center. ICMA. 1998
10. Larson, R.D. How much EOC is enough. Homeland Protection Professional. 2002; 2:38-43.
11. Gupta, K. Design of district emergency operations centers, and the case study of Indian Oil Corporation Jaipur depot explosion. International Journal of Emergency Management, 2010; 7(3-4): 221-232. [DOI:10.1504/IJEM.2010.037007]
12. Naseri Q, Givehchi, S, Nasrabadi, M. The modeling of organizational structures for emergency operations center in industrial plant. Emergency Management, 2014; 3(1): 37-46. (In Persian)
13. Pollak E, et al. Operational analysis framework for emergency operations center preparedness training. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, 2004:1. [DOI:10.1109/WSC.2004.1371398]
14. Chi-Ming Peng, Sheng-Yu Wu, Zhi-Sheng Li, Yun-Hsuan Chen, et al. Integration of short-duration intense rainfall forecasting technology into an emergency operations center for rainfall and flood emergencies, proceedings of the TIEMS 2023 Hybrid Annual Conference, South Africa, 11-15 September. 2023
15. Arias-Hernandez R., Fisher B. The tunnel vision effect: structuring of attention and use of digital technologies in emergency operations centers, IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), USA.2013:195-198Doi:10.1109/CogSIMA.2013. 6523847 [DOI:10.1109/CogSIMA.2013.6523847]
16. Ren Xun-yi, Zhang Jun-Feng and Yu Yang. Research of access control strategy in EOC system based on VLAN. International Symposium on Information Technologies in Medicine and Education, Hokodate, Hokkaido, 2012: 893-896, Doi: 10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291447. [DOI:10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291447]
17. Larson, R. D. The EOC in action. Homeland Protection Professional, 2003; 2 (1): 38-41.
18. Shouldis, W. The emergency operations center: A vital preparedness tool. Fire Engineering. 2010; 163 (5), 71-76.
19. Dave, R.K. Emergency operations center (EOC) design, operation and management. In TIFAC-IDRiM Conference. 2015
20. Harris, C. Ideal EOC. Government Technology's Emergency Management. 2007; 2 (2): 38-41
21. Perry, R. W. Emergency operations centers in an era of terrorism: Policy and management functions. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2003; 11 (4): 151- 159. [DOI:10.1111/j.0966-0879.2003.01104001.x]
22. Greve, H. R. Interorganizational learning before 9/11. International Public Management Journal. 2005; 8(3): 383-390. [DOI:10.1080/10967490500439842]
23. Hofstede, G. H. Culture's consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd Ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2001
24. Davis S C. Making your command center a success. 1999 http://www.davislogic.com/EOC.htm#Design
25. CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters), CRED Crunch 74 - Disaster Year in Review 2023.
26. UN News. Disaster prevention, risk reduction, critical to sustainable future: UN deputy chief. UN News. Retrieved April 15, 2023 https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1119042
27. Sinclair, H., Doyle, E.E., Johnston, D.M. Paton, D. The use of emergency operations centers in local government emergency management. International Journal of Emergency Management, 2013; 9(3): 205-228. [DOI:10.1504/IJEM.2013.058542]
28. Sadeghian A, Givehchi S, Ghanjei S. Examining the types of physical plan of the emergency operations center. The Second International Civil Engineering Conference; New and Applied Findings, Shiraz, Iran. 2023 (In Persian)
29. Fagel M.J. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers. CRC Press. 2011 [DOI:10.1201/b11659]
30. Ghanjei S, Givehchi S, Sadeghian, A. The position of EOC in crisis management (function-based study EOC), The Second International Civil Engineering Conference; New and Applied Findings, Shiraz, Iran. 2023 (In Persian)
31. Fagel, M.J., Mathews, R.C. and Murphy, J.H. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers (EOC). CRC Press. 2021 [DOI:10.4324/9781315118345]
32. Shrader, K. W. Designing an effective emergency operations center for the city of Martinsville, Virginia. National Fire Academy. 2011
33. Moore, W. Developing an emergency operations center. ICMA. 1998
34. Larson, R.D. How much EOC is enough. Homeland Protection Professional. 2002; 2:38-43.
35. Gupta, K. Design of district emergency operations centers, and the case study of Indian Oil Corporation Jaipur depot explosion. International Journal of Emergency Management, 2010; 7(3-4): 221-232. [DOI:10.1504/IJEM.2010.037007]
36. Naseri Q, Givehchi, S, Nasrabadi, M. The modeling of organizational structures for emergency operations center in industrial plant. Emergency Management, 2014; 3(1): 37-46. (In Persian)
37. Pollak E, et al. Operational analysis framework for emergency operations center preparedness training. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, 2004:1. [DOI:10.1109/WSC.2004.1371398]
38. Chi-Ming Peng, Sheng-Yu Wu, Zhi-Sheng Li, Yun-Hsuan Chen, et al. Integration of short-duration intense rainfall forecasting technology into an emergency operations center for rainfall and flood emergencies, proceedings of the TIEMS 2023 Hybrid Annual Conference, South Africa, 11-15 September. 2023
39. Arias-Hernandez R., Fisher B. The tunnel vision effect: structuring of attention and use of digital technologies in emergency operations centers, IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), USA.2013:195-198Doi:10.1109/CogSIMA.2013. 6523847 [DOI:10.1109/CogSIMA.2013.6523847]
40. Ren Xun-yi, Zhang Jun-Feng and Yu Yang. Research of access control strategy in EOC system based on VLAN. International Symposium on Information Technologies in Medicine and Education, Hokodate, Hokkaido, 2012: 893-896, Doi: 10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291447. [DOI:10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291447]
41. Larson, R. D. The EOC in action. Homeland Protection Professional, 2003; 2 (1): 38-41.
42. Shouldis, W. The emergency operations center: A vital preparedness tool. Fire Engineering. 2010; 163 (5), 71-76.
43. Dave, R.K. Emergency operations center (EOC) design, operation and management. In TIFAC-IDRiM Conference. 2015
44. Harris, C. Ideal EOC. Government Technology's Emergency Management. 2007; 2 (2): 38-41
45. Perry, R. W. Emergency operations centers in an era of terrorism: Policy and management functions. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2003; 11 (4): 151- 159. [DOI:10.1111/j.0966-0879.2003.01104001.x]
46. Greve, H. R. Interorganizational learning before 9/11. International Public Management Journal. 2005; 8(3): 383-390. [DOI:10.1080/10967490500439842]
47. Hofstede, G. H. Culture's consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd Ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2001
48. Davis S C. Making your command center a success. 1999 http://www.davislogic.com/EOC.htm#Design
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